Not unhappy and not half: litotes, sentence 0

Litotes (say it LIE-toe-teez) is a special kind of understatement: you say something good by saying «not» plus its opposite.

Who acts: Litotes, you · What happens: say, lie, be, not say · To what, where: it, toe teez, special kind, something · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Litotes, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Litotes	litote	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 kind	nsubj
2	(	(	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct
3	say	say	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Litotes	appos
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 say	obj
5	LIE	lie	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 say	xcomp
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	9 teez	punct
7	toe	toe	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 teez	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 toe	punct
9	teez	teez	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 LIE	obl
10	)	)	PUNCT	_	3 say	punct
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 kind	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 kind	det
13	special	special	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 kind	amod
14	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 understatement	case
16	understatement	understatement	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 kind	nmod
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 say	punct
18	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	19 say	nsubj
19	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 kind	parataxis
20	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	19 say	obj
21	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 something	amod
22	by	by	SCONJ	_	23 saying	mark
23	saying	say	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	19 say	advcl
24	«	«	PUNCT	_	25 not	punct
25	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	23 saying	advmod
26	»	»	PUNCT	_	25 not	punct
27	plus	plus	CCONJ	_	29 opposite	cc
28	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	29 opposite	nmod:poss
29	opposite	opposite	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 not	conj
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	14 kind	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: pos
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	infinitive		it		tree rules
2	lie	infinitive		toe teez		vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is a	present	Litotes	a special kind	of understatement	tree rules
4	say speech: assert	present	you	something		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic
5	not say speech: assert	gerund	you not said here			vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:050-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/50-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes/0/