Not unhappy and not half: litotes, sentence 7

Litotes is understatement made with «not» or «no» plus the opposite word: «not bad» for good, «not unhappy» for happy, «no small thing» for a big thing.

Who acts: Litotes · What happens: be, make · To what, where: understatement

This is a sentence of the lesson «Not unhappy and not half: litotes» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Litotes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Litotes	litote	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 understatement	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 understatement	cop
3	understatement	understatement	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 understatement	acl
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 not	case
6	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 not	punct
7	not	not	ADV	Polarity=Neg	4 made	obl
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 not	punct
9	or	or	CCONJ	_	11 no	cc
10	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 no	punct
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 not	conj
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 no	punct
13	plus	plus	CCONJ	_	16 word	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 word	det
15	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 word	amod
16	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 not	conj
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	3 understatement	punct
18	«	«	PUNCT	_	20 bad	punct
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 bad	advmod
20	bad	bad	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 understatement	parataxis
21	»	»	PUNCT	_	20 bad	punct
22	for	for	ADP	_	23 good	case
23	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 bad	obl
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	27 unhappy	punct
25	«	«	PUNCT	_	27 unhappy	punct
26	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	27 unhappy	advmod
27	unhappy	unhappy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 bad	conj
28	»	»	PUNCT	_	27 unhappy	punct
29	for	for	ADP	_	30 happy	case
30	happy	happy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	27 unhappy	conj
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	35 thing	punct
32	«	«	PUNCT	_	35 thing	punct
33	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	35 thing	det
34	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 thing	amod
35	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 unhappy	conj
36	»	»	PUNCT	_	35 thing	punct
37	for	for	ADP	_	40 thing	case
38	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	40 thing	det
39	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	40 thing	amod
40	thing	thing	NOUN	Number=Sing	35 thing	nmod
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 understatement	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Litotes	understatement					tree rules
2	make	participle		understatement not said here					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:050-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/50-not-unhappy-and-not-half-litotes/7/