Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side, sentence 16
In a text message there is no voice or face, so «great, that took forever» could be real relief or sarcasm; it is fine to ask «u annoyed or just joking?», and tone tags like «/j» (joking) can help.
Who acts: voice, that, tone tags · What happens: be, take, ask, joke, help · To what, where: text message, real relief · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Sarcasm, hyperbole and understatement side by side» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (voice, that, tone tags), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 message | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 message | det |
| 3 | text | text | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 message | compound |
| 4 | message | message | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 is | obl |
| 5 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 6 is | expl |
| 6 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 8 voice | det |
| 8 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 is | nsubj |
| 9 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 face | cc |
| 10 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 voice | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 great | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 great | advmod |
| 13 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 14 great | punct |
| 14 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 message | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 took | punct |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 17 took | nsubj |
| 17 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 is | parataxis |
| 18 | forever | forever | ADV | _ | 17 took | advmod |
| 19 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 23 relief | punct |
| 20 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 relief | aux |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 relief | cop |
| 22 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 relief | amod |
| 23 | relief | relief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 took | obj |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 sarcasm | cc |
| 25 | sarcasm | sarcasm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 relief | conj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 fine | punct |
| 27 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 fine | expl |
| 28 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 fine | cop |
| 29 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 took | parataxis |
| 30 | to | to | PART | _ | 31 ask | mark |
| 31 | ask | ask | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 fine | csubj |
| 32 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 34 annoyed | punct |
| 33 | u | you | PRON | Abbr=Yes Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 34 annoyed | nsubj |
| 34 | annoyed | annoyed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 ask | ccomp |
| 35 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 37 joking | cc |
| 36 | just | just | ADV | _ | 37 joking | advmod |
| 37 | joking | joke | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 annoyed | conj |
| 38 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 34 annoyed | punct |
| 39 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 34 annoyed | punct |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 help | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 43 tags | cc |
| 42 | tone | tone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 tags | compound |
| 43 | tags | tag | NOUN | Number=Plur | 53 help | nsubj |
| 44 | like | like | ADP | _ | 45 « | case |
| 45 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 48 » | punct |
| 46 | / | / | PUNCT | _ | 47 j | punct |
| 47 | j | J | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 » | compound |
| 48 | » | » | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 tags | conj |
| 49 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 50 joking | punct |
| 50 | joking | joke | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 48 » | appos |
| 51 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 50 joking | punct |
| 52 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 53 help | aux |
| 53 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 fine | conj |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 is | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | does | present | no voice or face | a text message; there | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take in a quote | past | that | forever property | vn require-103 «NP V that S»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition | ||||
| 3 | is a | could | real relief or sarcasm | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | is | present | fine property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | ask speech: ask | to-infinitive | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 6 | joke speech: other in a quote | gerund | vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | joke speech: other | gerund | vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | help | can | tone tags and j » | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:052-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×5, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/52-sarcasm-hyperbole-and-understatement-side-by-side/16/