Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down, sentence 14
«J'ai une faim de loup!» («I've got a wolf's hunger») is French for «I'm very hungry», where English says «I could eat a horse».
Who acts: « faim de, English, loup, I, wolf · What happens: loup, get, be, say, eat, hunger · To what, where: hunger, hungry », horse · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Told you a hundred times: how other languages exaggerate and play down» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (« faim de, English, loup, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 de | compound |
| 2 | J'ai | J'ai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 « | flat |
| 3 | une | une | X | Foreign=Yes | 1 « | dep |
| 4 | faim | faim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 de | compound |
| 5 | de | de | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 loup | nsubj |
| 6 | loup | loup | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 French | nsubj |
| 7 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 6 loup | punct |
| 8 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 6 loup | punct |
| 9 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 13 got | punct |
| 10 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 13 got | punct |
| 11 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 got | nsubj |
| 12 | 've | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 got | aux |
| 13 | got | get | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 21 French | advcl |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 wolf | det |
| 15 | wolf | wolf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 hunger | nmod:poss |
| 16 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 15 wolf | case |
| 17 | hunger | hunger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 got | obj |
| 18 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 13 got | punct |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 13 got | punct |
| 20 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 French | cop |
| 21 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 « | case |
| 23 | « | « | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 21 French | obl |
| 24 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 28 » | nsubj |
| 25 | 'm | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 » | cop |
| 26 | very | very | ADV | _ | 27 hungry | advmod |
| 27 | hungry | hungry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 » | amod |
| 28 | » | » | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 French | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 says | punct |
| 30 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 32 says | advmod |
| 31 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 32 says | nsubj |
| 32 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 28 » | acl:relcl |
| 33 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 36 eat | punct |
| 34 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 eat | nsubj |
| 35 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 36 eat | aux |
| 36 | eat | eat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 32 says | ccomp |
| 37 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 38 horse | det |
| 38 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 eat | obj |
| 39 | » | » | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 eat | obj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 French | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | loup in a quote | « faim de | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | get in a quote | present · perfect | English | a wolf's hunger | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer hunger=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | present | loup | for «; french property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is a | present | I | hungry » | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: express | present | English | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | eat in a quote | could | English | a horse | tree rules | ||||
| 7 | hunger in a quote | a wolf | nom hunger «state intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:053-told-you-a-hundred-times-how-other-languages-exaggerate-and-play-down.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
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