Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations, sentence 0

English has four kinds of sentence: a statement tells (The cake is huge.), a question asks (What is that cake?), a command tells someone to do something (Eat the cake.), and an exclamation shows strong feeling (What a huge cake!).

Who acts: English, statement, cake, question, command, someone · What happens: have, tell, be, ask, do, eat · To what, where: four kinds, cake, someone, something, strong feeling · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (English, statement, cake, question), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	four	four	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 kinds	nummod
4	kinds	kind	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 has	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 sentence	case
6	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 kinds	nmod
7	:	:	PUNCT	_	10 tells	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 statement	det
9	statement	statement	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 tells	nsubj
10	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	parataxis
11	(	(	PUNCT	_	15 huge	punct
12	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 cake	det
13	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 huge	nsubj
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 huge	cop
15	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 has	parataxis
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	15 huge	punct
17	)	)	PUNCT	_	15 huge	punct
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 asks	punct
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 question	det
20	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 asks	nsubj
21	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 huge	parataxis
22	(	(	PUNCT	_	23 What	punct
23	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	21 asks	obj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	26 cake	cop
25	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	26 cake	det
26	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 What	nsubj
27	?	?	PUNCT	_	21 asks	punct
28	)	)	PUNCT	_	15 huge	punct
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 tells	punct
30	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	31 command	det
31	command	command	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 tells	nsubj
32	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
33	someone	someone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	32 tells	obj
34	to	to	PART	_	35 do	mark
35	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	32 tells	xcomp
36	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	35 do	obj
37	(	(	PUNCT	_	38 Eat	punct
38	Eat	eat	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	35 do	parataxis
39	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	40 cake	det
40	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 Eat	obj
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	38 Eat	punct
42	)	)	PUNCT	_	38 Eat	punct
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 shows	punct
44	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 shows	cc
45	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	46 exclamation	det
46	exclamation	exclamation	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 shows	nsubj
47	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 tells	conj
48	strong	strong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 feeling	amod
49	feeling	feel	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 shows	obj
50	(	(	PUNCT	_	54 cake	punct
51	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	54 cake	det:predet
52	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	54 cake	det
53	huge	huge	ADJ	Degree=Pos	54 cake	amod
54	cake	cake	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 tells	parataxis
55	!	!	PUNCT	_	54 cake	punct
56	)	)	PUNCT	_	54 cake	punct
57	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 has	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	English	four kinds of sentence		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kind=Patient
2	tell speech: assert	present	a statement			vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present	the cake		huge property	tree rules
4	ask speech: ask	present	a question			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent what=Recipient
5	is a	present		that cake		tree rules
6	tell speech: assert	present	a command	someone		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient clause=Topic
7	do not said to happen	to-infinitive	someone not said here	something		vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality
8	eat	infinitive		the cake		vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cake=Patient
9	show	present	a exclamation	strong feeling		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent feel=Recipient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/0/