Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations, sentence 15

Signs leave words out, so we read them with common sense: "Dogs must be carried" means "if you have a dog, carry it".

Who acts: Signs, we, you · What happens: leave out, read, carry, mean, have · To what, where: words, Signs, Dogs, dog, word · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Kinds of sentences: statements, questions, commands, exclamations» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Signs, we, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Signs	sign	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 leave	nsubj
2	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 leave	obj
4	out	out	ADP	_	2 leave	compound:prt
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 read	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	8 read	advmod
7	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 read	nsubj
8	read	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 leave	parataxis
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 read	obj
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 sense	case
11	common	common	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 sense	amod
12	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 read	obl
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 read	punct
14	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 carried	punct
15	Dogs	dog	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 carried	nsubj:pass
16	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 carried	aux
17	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	18 carried	aux:pass
18	carried	carry	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	20 means	ccomp
19	"	"	PUNCT	_	18 carried	punct
20	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 read	parataxis
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 means	punct
22	if	if	SCONJ	_	24 have	mark
23	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	24 have	nsubj
24	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 carry	advcl
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 dog	det
26	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 have	obj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 have	punct
28	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 means	ccomp
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 carry	obj
30	"	"	PUNCT	_	28 carry	punct
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 leave	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	leave out	present	Signs	words		vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
2	read	past	we	Signs = sign	with common sense	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Topic
3	carry in a quote	must · passive		Dogs		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	mean	present				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
5	have a condition, not said to happen, in a quote	present	you	a dog		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dog=Patient
6	carry in a quote	infinitive		word		vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:007-kinds-of-sentences.lesson:15.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/7-kinds-of-sentences/15/