Tenses: past, present and future, sentence 6

The historic present tells a past story in the present tense to make it exciting; in written stories you usually choose one tense and keep it.

Who acts: historic present, you · What happens: tell, make, write, choose, keep · To what, where: past story, present tense, story, one tense, written stories, Tense · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Tenses: past, present and future» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (historic present, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 present	det
2	historic	historic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 present	amod
3	present	present	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tells	nsubj
4	tells	tell	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 story	det
6	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 story	amod
7	story	story	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tells	obj
8	in	in	ADP	_	11 tense	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 tense	det
10	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 tense	amod
11	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 tells	obl
12	to	to	PART	_	13 make	mark
13	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 tells	advcl
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 make	obj
15	exciting	exciting	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 make	xcomp
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 tells	punct
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 stories	case
18	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	19 stories	amod
19	stories	story	NOUN	Number=Plur	22 choose	obl
20	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	22 choose	nsubj
21	usually	usually	ADV	_	22 choose	advmod
22	choose	choose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 tells	parataxis
23	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	24 tense	nummod
24	tense	tense	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 choose	obj
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 keep	cc
26	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 choose	conj
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 keep	obj
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 tells	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	present	the historic present	a past story	the present tense		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent story=Recipient
2	make	to-infinitive	the historic present not said here	story		exciting property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product
3	write	participle					vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	choose	present	you	one tense	written stories	usually property	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tense=Theme
5	keep	infinitive	you not said here	Tense			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:language:008-tenses-past-present-future.lesson:6.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/8-tenses-past-present-future/6/