Snap! Breaking a bone, sentence 8
X-rays pass through skin and muscle but are stopped by bone, so bones show white and a crack shows as a dark line.
Who acts: X rays, bone, bones, crack · What happens: pass, stop, show · To what, where: skin, white
This is a sentence of the lesson «Snap! Breaking a bone» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (X rays, bone, bones, crack), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | X | x | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 rays | compound |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 1 X | punct |
| 3 | rays | ray | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 pass | nsubj |
| 4 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 skin | case |
| 6 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pass | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 muscle | cc |
| 8 | muscle | muscle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 skin | conj |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 stopped | cc |
| 10 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 stopped | aux:pass |
| 11 | stopped | stop | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 pass | conj |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 bone | case |
| 13 | bone | bone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 stopped | obl:agent |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 show | punct |
| 15 | so | so | ADV | _ | 17 show | advmod |
| 16 | bones | bone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 show | nsubj |
| 17 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 pass | conj |
| 18 | white | white | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 show | obj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 shows | cc |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 crack | det |
| 21 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shows | nsubj |
| 22 | shows | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 pass | conj |
| 23 | as | as | ADP | _ | 26 line | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 line | det |
| 25 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 line | amod |
| 26 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 shows | obl |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 pass | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | present | X rays | skin and muscle | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through skin=Location | ||||
| 2 | stop | present · passive | bone | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | show | present | bones | white | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent white=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | show | present | a crack | as a dark line | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:001-snap-breaking-a-bone.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/1-snap-breaking-a-bone/8/