Vaccinations and why, sentence 5

A vaccine trains the immune system with a killed, weakened or partial version of a germ, or instructions to make a harmless piece of it, so the body fights the real germ quickly later; without a vaccine, the body needs days to learn to fight a new germ, so you can get properly ill first.

Who acts: vaccine, body, you · What happens: train, kill, weaken, make, fight, need · To what, where: immune system, harmless piece, real germ, new germ

This is a sentence of the lesson «Vaccinations and why» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vaccine, body, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 vaccine	det
2	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trains	nsubj
3	trains	train	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 system	det
5	immune	immune	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 system	compound
6	system	system	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trains	obj
7	with	with	ADP	_	14 version	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 version	det
9	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 version	amod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 weakened	punct
11	weakened	weaken	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 killed	conj
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 partial	cc
13	partial	partial	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 killed	conj
14	version	version	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 trains	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 germ	case
16	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 germ	det
17	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 version	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 instructions	punct
19	or	or	CCONJ	_	20 instructions	cc
20	instructions	instruction	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 version	conj
21	to	to	PART	_	22 make	mark
22	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 instructions	acl
23	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	25 piece	det
24	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 piece	amod
25	piece	piece	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 make	obj
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 it	case
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	25 piece	nmod
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 fights	punct
29	so	so	ADV	_	32 fights	advmod
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 body	det
31	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 fights	nsubj
32	fights	fight	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trains	conj
33	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	35 germ	det
34	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 germ	amod
35	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 fights	obj
36	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	37 later	advmod
37	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	32 fights	advmod
38	;	;	PUNCT	_	45 needs	punct
39	without	without	ADP	_	41 vaccine	case
40	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	41 vaccine	det
41	vaccine	vaccine	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 needs	obl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	41 vaccine	punct
43	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	44 body	det
44	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 needs	nsubj
45	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 trains	parataxis
46	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	45 needs	obj
47	to	to	PART	_	48 learn	mark
48	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 needs	xcomp
49	to	to	PART	_	50 fight	mark
50	fight	fight	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	48 learn	xcomp
51	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	53 germ	det
52	new	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	53 germ	amod
53	germ	germ	NOUN	Number=Sing	50 fight	obj
54	,	,	PUNCT	_	58 get	punct
55	so	so	ADV	_	58 get	advmod
56	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	58 get	nsubj
57	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	58 get	aux
58	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	45 needs	conj
59	properly	properly	ADV	_	60 ill	advmod
60	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	58 get	xcomp
61	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	58 get	advmod
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 trains	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	train	present	a vaccine	the immune system		with a killed version of a germ or instructions	vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent system=Theme
2	kill	participle					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
3	weaken	participle					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
4	make	to-infinitive	a vaccine not said here	a harmless piece of germ			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset piece=Product
5	fight	present	the body	the real germ		late property	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent
6	need	present	the body		day	without a vaccine	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
7	learn not said to happen	to-infinitive	the body not said here				vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
8	fight	to-infinitive	the body not said here	a new germ			vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Co-Agent
9	get	can	you			first, ill property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson:5.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/5/