Vaccinations and why, sentence 9
Measles is one of the most infectious diseases known and can cause pneumonia and brain swelling, and it spreads again wherever fewer people are vaccinated; there have been outbreaks in England, Europe and the USA in recent years.
Who acts: Measles, disease · What happens: be, know, cause, spread, vaccinate · To what, where: one, infectious diseases, pneumonia, fewer people, outbreaks, England
This is a sentence of the lesson «Vaccinations and why» of the medicine course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Measles, disease), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Measles | measles | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 one | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 one | cop |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 diseases | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 diseases | det |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 infectious | advmod |
| 7 | infectious | infectious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 diseases | amod |
| 8 | diseases | disease | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 one | nmod |
| 9 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 diseases | acl |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 cause | cc |
| 11 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 12 cause | aux |
| 12 | cause | cause | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 known | conj |
| 13 | pneumonia | pneumonia | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 cause | obj |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 swelling | cc |
| 15 | brain | brain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 swelling | compound |
| 16 | swelling | swelling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 pneumonia | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 spreads | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 spreads | cc |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 spreads | nsubj |
| 20 | spreads | spread | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 known | conj |
| 21 | again | again | ADV | _ | 20 spreads | advmod |
| 22 | wherever | wherever | ADV | PronType=Int | 26 vaccinated | advmod |
| 23 | fewer | few | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 24 people | amod |
| 24 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 vaccinated | nsubj |
| 25 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 vaccinated | aux:pass |
| 26 | vaccinated | vaccinate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 spreads | advcl |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 spreads | punct |
| 28 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 30 been | expl |
| 29 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 been | aux |
| 30 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 31 outbreaks | cop |
| 31 | outbreaks | outbreak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 one | parataxis |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 England | case |
| 33 | England | England | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 outbreaks | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 Europe | punct |
| 35 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 England | conj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 USA | cc |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 USA | det |
| 38 | USA | USA | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 England | conj |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 years | case |
| 40 | recent | recent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 years | amod |
| 41 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 been | obl |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | Measles | one | of the infectious diseases | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | participle | the infectious diseases not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | cause | can | pneumonia and brain swelling | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition pneumonia=Patient | |||||
| 4 | spread | present | disease | again | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | vaccinate | present · passive | fewer people | wherever property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is a | participle | outbreaks | England and Europe and the USA | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:medicine:029-vaccinations-and-why.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/medicine/29-vaccinations-and-why/9/