Taking without paying: the consequences, sentence 14
A dare is a challenge to do something, often something risky or wrong; saying no to a bad dare takes courage.
Who acts: dare, saying · What happens: be, do, say, take · To what, where: challenge, something, no, bad dare, courage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Taking without paying: the consequences» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dare, saying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 dare | det |
| 2 | dare | dare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 challenge | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 challenge | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 challenge | det |
| 5 | challenge | challenge | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 do | mark |
| 7 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 challenge | acl |
| 8 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 7 do | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 risky | punct |
| 10 | often | often | ADV | _ | 11 something | advmod |
| 11 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 12 risky | obl:unmarked |
| 12 | risky | risky | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 challenge | conj |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 wrong | cc |
| 14 | wrong | wrong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 risky | conj |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 16 saying | punct |
| 16 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 takes | csubj |
| 17 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 16 saying | obj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 21 dare | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 dare | det |
| 20 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 dare | amod |
| 21 | dare | dare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 no | nmod |
| 22 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 challenge | parataxis |
| 23 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 takes | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 challenge | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a dare | a challenge | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | do | to-infinitive | something | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | be | a dare not said here | something | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | no | a bad dare | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent no=Topic to dare=Recipient | ||||
| 5 | take | present | saying | courage | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent courage=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:015-taking-without-paying-the-consequences.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/15-taking-without-paying-the-consequences/14/