Taxes and the government's budget, sentence 15
Paying tax is a legal duty; tax evasion, illegally not paying, can mean fines or prison; if 1 in 10 people didn't pay, about 1 in every 10 pounds of tax would be missing.
Who acts: Paying, tax evasion, 1 10 people, 1 · What happens: pay, be, not pay, mean · To what, where: tax, legal duty, fines
This is a sentence of the lesson «Taxes and the government's budget» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Paying, tax evasion, 1 10 people, 1), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paying | pay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 duty | csubj |
| 2 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Paying | obj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 duty | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 duty | det |
| 5 | legal | legal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 duty | amod |
| 6 | duty | duty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 missing | parataxis |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 9 evasion | punct |
| 8 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 evasion | compound |
| 9 | evasion | evasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mean | nsubj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 paying | punct |
| 11 | illegally | illegally | ADV | _ | 13 paying | advmod |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 paying | advmod |
| 13 | paying | pay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 evasion | acl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 mean | punct |
| 15 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 mean | aux |
| 16 | mean | mean | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 6 duty | parataxis |
| 17 | fines | fine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 mean | obj |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 19 prison | cc |
| 19 | prison | prison | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fines | conj |
| 20 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 pay | punct |
| 21 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 28 pay | mark |
| 22 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 people | nummod |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 10 | case |
| 24 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 25 people | nummod |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 pay | nsubj |
| 26 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 pay | aux |
| 27 | n't | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 28 pay | advmod |
| 28 | pay | pay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 40 missing | advcl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 missing | punct |
| 30 | about | about | ADV | _ | 31 1 | advmod |
| 31 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 40 missing | nsubj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 35 pounds | case |
| 33 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 35 pounds | det |
| 34 | 10 | 10 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 35 pounds | nummod |
| 35 | pounds | pound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 1 | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 tax | case |
| 37 | tax | tax | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 pounds | nmod |
| 38 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 40 missing | aux |
| 39 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 40 missing | cop |
| 40 | missing | missing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 duty | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pay | gerund | tax | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Asset | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | Paying | a legal duty | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not pay | gerund | tax evasion not said here | illegally property | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | mean | can | tax evasion | fines or prison | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fine=Topic | ||||
| 5 | not pay a condition, not said to happen | past · do-support | 1 10 people | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | is | would | 1 in every 10 pounds of tax | missing property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:036-taxes-and-the-governments-budget.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/36-taxes-and-the-governments-budget/15/