Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries, sentence 3

A tariff is a tax on things brought in from abroad: a 10% tariff means £1 on every £10, so a £10 toy costs £11 to bring in; some say tariffs protect jobs at home, others say they just make things dearer for shoppers.

Who acts: tariff, % tariff, £ 10 toy, some, tariffs, others · What happens: be, bring in, mean, cost, say, protect · To what, where: tax, things, jobs, home · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Trade, tariffs, rich and poor countries» of the money course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (tariff, % tariff, £ 10 toy, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 tariff	det
2	tariff	tariff	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 tax	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tax	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tax	det
5	tax	tax	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	on	on	ADP	_	7 things	case
7	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 tax	nmod
8	brought	bring	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 things	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	8 brought	compound:prt
10	from	from	ADP	_	11 abroad	case
11	abroad	abroad	ADV	_	8 brought	obl
12	:	:	PUNCT	_	17 means	punct
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 tariff	det
14	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	15 %	nummod
15	%	%	SYM	Number=Sing	16 tariff	compound
16	tariff	tariff	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 means	nsubj
17	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tax	parataxis
18	£	£	SYM	_	17 means	obj
19	1	1	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	18 £	nummod
20	on	on	ADP	_	22 £	case
21	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	22 £	det
22	£	£	SYM	_	17 means	obl
23	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	22 £	nummod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	30 costs	punct
25	so	so	ADV	_	30 costs	advmod
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 toy	det
27	£	£	SYM	_	29 toy	compound
28	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	29 toy	nummod
29	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 costs	nsubj
30	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tax	conj
31	£	£	SYM	_	30 costs	obj
32	11	11	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	31 £	nummod
33	to	to	PART	_	34 bring	mark
34	bring	bring	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	30 costs	advcl
35	in	in	ADP	_	34 bring	compound:prt
36	;	;	PUNCT	_	38 say	punct
37	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	38 say	nsubj
38	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 tax	acl:relcl
39	tariffs	tariff	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 protect	nsubj
40	protect	protect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 say	ccomp
41	jobs	job	NOUN	Number=Plur	40 protect	obj
42	at	at	ADP	_	43 home	case
43	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	40 protect	obl
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	46 say	punct
45	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	46 say	nsubj
46	say	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	38 say	parataxis
47	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	49 make	nsubj
48	just	just	ADV	_	49 make	advmod
49	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	46 say	ccomp
50	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	49 make	obj
51	dearer	dear	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	49 make	xcomp
52	for	for	ADP	_	53 shoppers	case
53	shoppers	shopper	NOUN	Number=Plur	51 dearer	obl
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 tax	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a tariff	a tax	things		tree rules
2	bring in	participle		things not said here			vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
3	mean	present	a % tariff				vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent £=Topic
4	cost	present	a £ 10 toy				vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme £=Value
5	bring in	to-infinitive	a £ 10 toy not said here				vn earn-54.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
6	say speech: assert	present	some	a tax not said here			tree rules
7	protect	present	tariffs	jobs	home		vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Beneficiary
8	say speech: assert	present	others				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
9	make	present	others = other	things		dear property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:money:037-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/money/37-trade-tariffs-rich-and-poor-countries/3/