Animals in the sea and the river, sentence 8

Some sharks, like great whites, must keep swimming to breathe; others, like nurse sharks, can rest on the seabed and pump water over their gills.

Who acts: sharks, others · What happens: keep, swim, breathe, rest, pump · To what, where: seabed, water, gills

This is a sentence of the lesson «Animals in the sea and the river» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sharks, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	2 sharks	det
2	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 keep	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 whites	punct
4	like	like	ADP	_	6 whites	case
5	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 whites	amod
6	whites	white	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sharks	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 sharks	punct
8	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 keep	aux
9	keep	keep	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	swimming	swim	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 keep	xcomp
11	to	to	PART	_	12 breathe	mark
12	breathe	breathe	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 swimming	advcl
13	;	;	PUNCT	_	14 others	punct
14	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 rest	nsubj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 sharks	punct
16	like	like	ADP	_	18 sharks	case
17	nurse	nurse	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 sharks	compound
18	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 others	nmod
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 rest	punct
20	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	21 rest	aux
21	rest	rest	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 keep	conj
22	on	on	ADP	_	24 seabed	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 seabed	det
24	seabed	seabed	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 rest	obl
25	and	and	CCONJ	_	26 pump	cc
26	pump	pump	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	21 rest	conj
27	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 pump	obj
28	over	over	ADP	_	30 gills	case
29	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	30 gills	nmod:poss
30	gills	gill	NOUN	Number=Plur	26 pump	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 keep	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	keep	must	some sharks like great whites			tree rules
2	swim	gerund	some sharks like great whites not said here			vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	breathe	to-infinitive	some sharks like great whites not said here			vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
4	rest	can	others like nurse sharks		the seabed	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on seabed=Location
5	pump	infinitive	others like nurse sharks not said here	water	others's gills	vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent water=Theme over gill=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:011-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/11-animals-in-the-sea-and-the-river/8/