Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts, sentence 9

Winter is colder because the Earth's tilt makes sunlight come in low and spread out and the days short; the Earth is nearest the Sun in early January.

Who acts: Winter, tilt, sunlight, Earth · What happens: be, make, come in, spread out, tilt · To what, where: sunlight

This is a sentence of the lesson «Magnets, compasses and big Earth facts» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter, tilt, sunlight, Earth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 colder	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colder	cop
3	colder	cold	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	because	because	SCONJ	_	9 makes	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Earth	det
6	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 tilt	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Earth	case
8	tilt	tilt	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 makes	nsubj
9	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 colder	advcl
10	sunlight	sunlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 makes	obj
11	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 makes	xcomp
12	in	in	ADV	_	11 come	advmod
13	low	low	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 come	advmod
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 spread	cc
15	spread	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 come	conj
16	out	out	ADP	_	15 spread	compound:prt
17	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 short	cc
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 days	det
19	days	day	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 short	nsubj
20	short	short	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 spread	conj
21	;	;	PUNCT	_	25 nearest	punct
22	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	23 Earth	det
23	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 nearest	nsubj
24	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	25 nearest	cop
25	nearest	near	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 colder	parataxis
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 Sun	det
27	Sun	Sun	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 nearest	obl
28	in	in	ADP	_	30 January	case
29	early	early	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 January	amod
30	January	January	PROPN	Number=Sing	25 nearest	obl
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 colder	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Winter			cold property	tree rules
2	make	present	the Earth's tilt	sunlight			tree rules
3	come in	infinitive	sunlight not said here			low property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	spread out	infinitive	sunlight not said here				vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	is	present	the Earth		january	the Sun obl; near property	tree rules
6	tilt		the Earth				nom tilt «event intransitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:017-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/17-magnets-compasses-and-big-earth-facts/9/