Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages, sentence 14

Educated people in the Middle Ages knew the Earth was round; it was taught in universities and books, and kings held a round orb for the world.

Who acts: Educated people, Earth, kings · What happens: educated, know, be, teach, hold · To what, where: Earth, universities, round orb · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Vikings, knights and the Middle Ages» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Educated people, Earth, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Educated	educated	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 people	amod
2	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 knew	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	6 Ages	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 Ages	det
5	Middle	Middle	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 Ages	amod
6	Ages	Age	PROPN	Number=Plur	2 people	nmod
7	knew	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 Earth	det
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 round	nsubj
10	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 round	cop
11	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 knew	ccomp
12	;	;	PUNCT	_	15 taught	punct
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	15 taught	nsubj:pass
14	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 taught	aux:pass
15	taught	teach	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 knew	parataxis
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 universities	case
17	universities	university	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 taught	obl
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 books	cc
19	books	book	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 universities	conj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 held	punct
21	and	and	CCONJ	_	23 held	cc
22	kings	king	NOUN	Number=Plur	23 held	nsubj
23	held	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 taught	conj
24	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 orb	det
25	round	round	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 orb	amod
26	orb	orb	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 held	obj
27	for	for	ADP	_	29 world	case
28	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	29 world	det
29	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 orb	nmod
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 knew	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	educated	participle					tree rules
2	know	past	Educated people in the Middle Ages				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
3	is	past	the Earth			round property	tree rules
4	teach speech: other	past · passive		Earth	universities and books		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient
5	hold	past	kings	a round orb		for the world	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent orb=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:018-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/18-vikings-knights-and-the-middle-ages/14/