Kings, queens and emperors, sentence 16
Queen Victoria looks stern in photographs partly because people were expected to look serious in photos then; her diaries and letters show she laughed and enjoyed jokes, and a photo of her smiling exists.
Who acts: Queen, people, diaries, photo · What happens: look, expect, show, laugh, enjoy, exist · To what, where: people, jokes · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Kings, queens and emperors» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Queen, people, diaries, photo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Queen | Queen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 looks | nsubj |
| 2 | Victoria | Victoria | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Queen | flat |
| 3 | looks | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | stern | stern | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 looks | xcomp |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 photographs | case |
| 6 | photographs | photograph | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 looks | obl |
| 7 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 6 photographs | advmod |
| 8 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 11 expected | mark |
| 9 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 expected | nsubj |
| 10 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 expected | aux:pass |
| 11 | expected | expect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 looks | advcl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 look | mark |
| 13 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 expected | xcomp |
| 14 | serious | serious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 look | xcomp |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 16 photos | case |
| 16 | photos | photo | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 look | obl |
| 17 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 23 show | advmod |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 20 diaries | punct |
| 19 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 diaries | nmod:poss |
| 20 | diaries | diary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 show | nsubj |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 letters | cc |
| 22 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 diaries | conj |
| 23 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 look | advcl |
| 24 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 laughed | nsubj |
| 25 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 show | ccomp |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 enjoyed | cc |
| 27 | enjoyed | enjoy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 laughed | conj |
| 28 | jokes | joke | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 enjoyed | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 exists | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 exists | cc |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 photo | det |
| 32 | photo | photo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 exists | nsubj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 smiling | case |
| 34 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 smiling | nmod:poss |
| 35 | smiling | smiling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 photo | nmod |
| 36 | exists | exist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 looks | conj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 looks | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- narrate
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | present | Queen | in photographs; stern property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in photograph=Theme | ||||
| 2 | expect | past · passive | people | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | look not said to happen | to-infinitive | people not said here | in photos; serious property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in photo=Theme | ||||
| 4 | show | present | queen's diaries and letters | then | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 5 | laugh | past | queen | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | enjoy | past | queen not said here | jokes | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer joke=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | exist | present | a photo of queen's smiling | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 8 | smile | queen | nom smiling «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:019-kings-queens-and-emperors.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/19-kings-queens-and-emperors/16/