Let's test it! Experiments and fair tests, sentence 14

Without air in the way, heavy and light things fall at the same speed; on the Moon in 1971 an astronaut dropped a hammer and a feather and they landed together; on Earth, air pushes against light, wide things like a feather and slows them, and a sheet of paper laid flat on top of a book falls with it, because the book keeps the air off it.

Who acts: heavy things, astronaut, hammer, air, sheet, book · What happens: fall, drop, land, push, slow, lay · To what, where: same speed, hammer, Moon, sheet, top, air

This is a sentence of the lesson «Let's test it! Experiments and fair tests» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy things, astronaut, hammer, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Without	without	ADP	_	2 air	case
2	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fall	obl
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 way	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 way	det
5	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 air	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 air	punct
7	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 things	amod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 light	cc
9	light	light	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 heavy	conj
10	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 fall	nsubj
11	fall	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	at	at	ADP	_	15 speed	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 speed	det
14	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 speed	amod
15	speed	speed	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 fall	obl
16	;	;	PUNCT	_	19 Moon	punct
17	on	on	ADP	_	19 Moon	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 Moon	det
19	Moon	Moon	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 dropped	obl
20	in	in	ADP	_	21 1971	case
21	1971	1971	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	24 dropped	obl
22	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 astronaut	det
23	astronaut	astronaut	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 dropped	nsubj
24	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 fall	parataxis
25	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	26 hammer	det
26	hammer	hammer	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 dropped	obj
27	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 feather	cc
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	29 feather	det
29	feather	feather	NOUN	Number=Sing	26 hammer	conj
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	32 landed	cc
31	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 landed	nsubj
32	landed	land	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 dropped	conj
33	together	together	ADV	_	32 landed	advmod
34	;	;	PUNCT	_	39 pushes	punct
35	on	on	ADP	_	36 Earth	case
36	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	39 pushes	obl
37	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 Earth	punct
38	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 pushes	nsubj
39	pushes	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	32 landed	parataxis
40	against	against	ADP	_	41 light	case
41	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 pushes	obl
42	,	,	PUNCT	_	44 things	punct
43	wide	wide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 things	amod
44	things	thing	NOUN	Number=Plur	39 pushes	conj
45	like	like	ADP	_	47 feather	case
46	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	47 feather	det
47	feather	feather	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 things	nmod
48	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 slows	cc
49	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 pushes	conj
50	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	49 slows	obj
51	,	,	PUNCT	_	64 falls	punct
52	and	and	CCONJ	_	64 falls	cc
53	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	54 sheet	det
54	sheet	sheet	NOUN	Number=Sing	64 falls	nsubj
55	of	of	ADP	_	56 paper	case
56	paper	paper	NOUN	Number=Sing	54 sheet	nmod
57	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	54 sheet	acl
58	flat	flat	ADV	_	57 laid	advmod
59	on	on	ADP	_	60 top	case
60	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	57 laid	obl
61	of	of	ADP	_	63 book	case
62	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	63 book	det
63	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	60 top	nmod
64	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	39 pushes	conj
65	with	with	ADP	_	66 it	case
66	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	64 falls	obl
67	,	,	PUNCT	_	71 keeps	punct
68	because	because	SCONJ	_	71 keeps	mark
69	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	70 book	det
70	book	book	NOUN	Number=Sing	71 keeps	nsubj
71	keeps	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	64 falls	advcl
72	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	73 air	det
73	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	71 keeps	obj
74	off	off	ADP	_	75 it	case
75	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	71 keeps	obl
76	.	.	PUNCT	_	11 fall	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	fall	present	heavy things		the same speed	without air in the way	vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme at speed=Location
2	drop	past	a astronaut	a hammer and a feather	the Moon	in 1971	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent hammer=Theme on moon=Destination in 1971=Initial_Location
3	land	past	hammer			together property	vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	push	present	air			against light; on Earth	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on earth=Theme
5	slow	present	air not said here	hammer			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient
6	lay	participle		a sheet of paper not said here	top of a book	flat property	vn put_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on top=Destination
7	fall	present	a sheet of paper			with paper	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
8	keep	present	the book	the air		off paper	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:029-let-s-test-it-experiments-and-fair-tests.lesson:14.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/29-let-s-test-it-experiments-and-fair-tests/14/