Colds, coughs and the weather, sentence 13

Antibiotics kill bacteria, not viruses, so they do not help a cold; taking them when not needed helps germs become resistant to them.

Who acts: Antibiotics · What happens: kill, not help, take, not need, help, become · To what, where: bacteria, cold, Antibiotics, germs

This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Antibiotics), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 kill	nsubj
2	kill	kill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 kill	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 viruses	punct
5	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	6 viruses	advmod
6	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 bacteria	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 help	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	12 help	advmod
9	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 help	nsubj
10	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 help	aux
11	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 help	advmod
12	help	help	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 kill	parataxis
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 cold	det
14	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 help	obj
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	16 taking	punct
16	taking	take	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 help	advcl
17	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 taking	obj
18	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	21 helps	advmod
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 needed	advmod
20	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	16 taking	advcl
21	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 taking	advcl
22	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	21 helps	obj
23	become	become	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	24 resistant	amod
24	resistant	resistant	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 germs	conj
25	to	to	ADP	_	26 them	case
26	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	24 resistant	obl
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 kill	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	kill	present	Antibiotics	bacteria and viruses	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme
2	not help	present · do-support	Antibiotics = antibiotic	a cold	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Beneficiary
3	take	gerund	Antibiotics = antibiotic not said here	Antibiotics = antibiotic	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
4	not need	participle	Antibiotics = antibiotic not said here		vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot
5	help	present	Antibiotics = antibiotic not said here	germs and become resistant	vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Beneficiary
6	become	participle			vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/13/