Colds, coughs and the weather, sentence 3

Winter helps the viruses because we all crowd indoors with the windows shut, and some cold viruses last longer in cold, dry air; being chilly on your own, with nobody's germs about, does not give you a cold.

Who acts: Winter, we, cold viruses · What happens: help, crowd, last, be, not give · To what, where: viruses, cold dry air, cold, you

This is a sentence of the lesson «Colds, coughs and the weather» of the myths course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Winter, we, cold viruses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Winter	Winter	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 helps	nsubj
2	helps	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 viruses	det
4	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 helps	obj
5	because	because	SCONJ	_	8 crowd	mark
6	we	we	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	8 crowd	nsubj
7	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 we	det
8	crowd	crowd	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 helps	advcl
9	indoors	indoors	ADV	_	8 crowd	advmod
10	with	with	ADP	_	12 windows	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 windows	det
12	windows	window	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 crowd	nmod
13	shut	shut	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 windows	amod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 last	punct
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 last	cc
16	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	18 viruses	det
17	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 viruses	amod
18	viruses	virus	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 last	nsubj
19	last	last	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 crowd	conj
20	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 last	advmod
21	in	in	ADP	_	25 air	case
22	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 air	amod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 cold	punct
24	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 air	amod
25	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 last	obl
26	;	;	PUNCT	_	31 own	punct
27	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	31 own	cop
28	chilly	chilly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 own	amod
29	on	on	ADP	_	31 own	case
30	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	31 own	nmod:poss
31	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	41 give	csubj
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	36 germs	punct
33	with	with	ADP	_	36 germs	case
34	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	36 germs	nmod:poss
35	's	's	PART	_	34 nobody	case
36	germs	germ	NOUN	Number=Plur	31 own	obl
37	about	about	ADV	_	41 give	advmod
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	37 about	punct
39	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	41 give	aux
40	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	41 give	advmod
41	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 helps	conj
42	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	41 give	iobj
43	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 cold	det
44	cold	cold	NOUN	Number=Sing	41 give	obj
45	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 helps	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: character
polarity: none
teacher: changed polarity=none

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	other	roles by
1	help	present	Winter	the viruses				vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent virus=Beneficiary
2	crowd	present	we				with the windows; indoors property	vn spray-9.7-1-1 «NP V NP.destination PP.theme»: agent=Agent with window=Theme
3	last	present	some cold viruses			cold dry air	long property	vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme
4	is	gerund					with nobody's germs; own property	tree rules
5	not give	present · do-support	Winter not said here	a cold	you		about property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient cold=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:myths:004-colds-coughs-and-the-weather.lesson:3.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/myths/4-colds-coughs-and-the-weather/3/