The air presses on everything, sentence 8

A straw with a hole in its side stops working, because air leaks in and the pressure inside the straw cannot drop; and even a perfect pump cannot lift water more than about 10 metres up a pipe, because that is as far as the air can push it.

Who acts: straw, air, pressure, perfect pump, that · What happens: stop, work, leak in, not drop, not lift, be · To what, where: water

This is a sentence of the lesson «The air presses on everything» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (straw, air, pressure, perfect pump), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 straw	det
2	straw	straw	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 stops	nsubj
3	with	with	ADP	_	5 hole	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 hole	det
5	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 straw	nmod
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 side	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 side	nmod:poss
8	side	side	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hole	nmod
9	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
10	working	work	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 stops	xcomp
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 leaks	punct
12	because	because	SCONJ	_	14 leaks	mark
13	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 leaks	nsubj
14	leaks	leak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 stops	advcl
15	in	in	ADP	_	14 leaks	compound:prt
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 drop	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 pressure	det
18	pressure	pressure	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 drop	nsubj
19	inside	inside	ADP	_	21 straw	case
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 straw	det
21	straw	straw	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 pressure	nmod
22	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	24 drop	aux
23	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	24 drop	advmod
24	drop	drop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 leaks	conj
25	;	;	PUNCT	_	33 lift	punct
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	33 lift	cc
27	even	even	ADV	_	30 pump	advmod
28	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	30 pump	det
29	perfect	perfect	ADJ	Degree=Pos	30 pump	amod
30	pump	pump	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 lift	nsubj
31	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	33 lift	aux
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 lift	advmod
33	lift	lift	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 stops	conj
34	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 lift	obj
35	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	33 lift	advmod
36	than	than	ADP	_	39 metres	case
37	about	about	ADV	_	38 10	advmod
38	10	10	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	39 metres	nummod
39	metres	metre	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 lift	obl
40	up	up	ADP	_	39 metres	compound:prt
41	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	42 pipe	det
42	pipe	pipe	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 lift	obl
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	53 push	punct
44	because	because	SCONJ	_	53 push	mark
45	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	53 push	nsubj
46	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	53 push	cop
47	as	as	ADV	_	48 far	advmod
48	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	53 push	advmod
49	as	as	SCONJ	_	53 push	mark
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 air	det
51	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	53 push	nsubj
52	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	53 push	aux
53	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 lift	conj
54	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	53 push	obj
55	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 stops	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	stop	present	a straw with a hole in straw's side			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	work	gerund	a straw with a hole in straw's side not said here			vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	leak in	present	air			vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source
4	not drop	can	the pressure inside the straw			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
5	not lift	can	a perfect pump	water	than 10 metres; a pipe obl	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
6	is	can · present	that		far, push property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:014-the-air-presses-on-everything.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/14-the-air-presses-on-everything/8/