Wind and weather, sentence 1
On a sunny afternoon at the beach the sand warms faster than the sea, the warm air above it rises, and cooler air from the sea rushes in to take its place: that is the sea breeze on your face.
Who acts: sand, warm air, cooler air, that · What happens: warm, rise, rush in, take, be · To what, where: place, sea breeze, face
This is a sentence of the lesson «Wind and weather» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sand, warm air, cooler air, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 afternoon | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 afternoon | det |
| 3 | sunny | sunny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 afternoon | amod |
| 4 | afternoon | afternoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 warms | obl |
| 5 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 beach | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 beach | det |
| 7 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 afternoon | nmod |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sand | det |
| 9 | sand | sand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 warms | nsubj |
| 10 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 rises | parataxis |
| 11 | faster | fast | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 7 beach | advmod |
| 12 | than | than | ADP | _ | 14 sea | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 sea | det |
| 14 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 faster | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 rises | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 air | det |
| 17 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 air | amod |
| 18 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rises | nsubj |
| 19 | above | above | ADP | _ | 20 it | case |
| 20 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 air | nmod |
| 21 | rises | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 rushes | punct |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 rushes | cc |
| 24 | cooler | cool | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 25 air | amod |
| 25 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 rushes | nsubj |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 sea | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sea | det |
| 28 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 air | nmod |
| 29 | rushes | rush | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 21 rises | conj |
| 30 | in | in | ADV | _ | 29 rushes | advmod |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 take | mark |
| 32 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 rushes | advcl |
| 33 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 place | nmod:poss |
| 34 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 take | obj |
| 35 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 40 breeze | punct |
| 36 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 breeze | nsubj |
| 37 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 breeze | cop |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 breeze | det |
| 39 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 breeze | compound |
| 40 | breeze | breeze | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 rises | parataxis |
| 41 | on | on | ADP | _ | 43 face | case |
| 42 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 face | nmod:poss |
| 43 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 breeze | nmod |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 rises | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | warm | present | the sand | afternoon | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | rise | present | the warm air above sand | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | rush in | present | cooler air from the sea | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | take | to-infinitive | cooler air from the sea not said here | air's place | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is a | present | that | the sea breeze | your face | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:015-wind-and-weather.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/15-wind-and-weather/1/