What sound is: wobbles in the air, sentence 10

An echo is sound bouncing back off a hard, flat surface such as a cliff; the longer the echo takes to come back, the further away the cliff is.

Who acts: echo, sound, cliff · What happens: be, bounce back, take, come back · To what, where: sound, hard flat surface

This is a sentence of the lesson «What sound is: wobbles in the air» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (echo, sound, cliff), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 echo	det
2	echo	echo	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 sound	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sound	cop
4	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	bouncing	bounce	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 sound	acl
6	back	back	ADV	_	5 bouncing	advmod
7	off	off	ADP	_	12 surface	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 surface	det
9	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 surface	amod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 hard	punct
11	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 surface	amod
12	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bouncing	obl
13	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	16 cliff	case
14	as	as	ADP	_	13 such	fixed
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 cliff	det
16	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 surface	nmod
17	;	;	PUNCT	_	22 takes	punct
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 longer	det
19	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	22 takes	advmod
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 echo	det
21	echo	echo	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 takes	nsubj
22	takes	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 sound	conj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 come	mark
24	come	come	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	22 takes	xcomp
25	back	back	ADV	_	24 come	advmod
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 takes	punct
27	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	28 further	det
28	further	further	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 takes	conj
29	away	away	ADV	_	28 further	advmod
30	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 cliff	det
31	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 further	nsubj
32	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	28 further	cop
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 sound	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a echo	sound			tree rules
2	bounce back	gerund	sound not said here		a hard flat surface such a cliff		vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off surface=Trajectory
3	take	present	the echo			long property	vn require-103 «NP V for NP S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Precondition
4	come back	to-infinitive	the echo not said here				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
5	is	present	the cliff			away, further property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:017-what-sound-is-wobbles-in-the-air.lesson:10.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/17-what-sound-is-wobbles-in-the-air/10/