Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels, sentence 7
Lightning heats the air in an instant to hotter than the surface of the Sun, and the air bursts outwards with a huge sound wave, the thunder.
Who acts: Lightning, air · What happens: heat, burst · To what, where: air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Thunder, sirens and how fast sound travels» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lightning, air), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heats | nsubj |
| 2 | heats | heat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 air | det |
| 4 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heats | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 instant | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 instant | det |
| 7 | instant | instant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heats | obl |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 9 hotter | case |
| 9 | hotter | hot | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 2 heats | obl |
| 10 | than | than | ADP | _ | 12 surface | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 surface | det |
| 12 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 hotter | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Sun | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 Sun | det |
| 15 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 surface | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 bursts | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 bursts | cc |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 air | det |
| 19 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bursts | nsubj |
| 20 | bursts | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 heats | conj |
| 21 | outwards | outward | ADV | _ | 20 bursts | advmod |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 wave | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 wave | det |
| 24 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 wave | amod |
| 25 | sound | sound | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 wave | compound |
| 26 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 bursts | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 thunder | punct |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 thunder | det |
| 29 | thunder | thunder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 wave | appos |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heats | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | heat | present | Lightning | the air | to hotter result; in a instant | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Agent air=Patient in instant=Instrument to hot=Result | |||
| 2 | burst | present | the air | with a huge sound wave; outward property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:018-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels.lesson:7.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/18-thunder-sirens-and-how-fast-sound-travels/7/