Light and shadows, sentence 13

A cat's eyes shine in headlights because a mirror-like layer at the back of the eye bounces light back out, helping the cat see in dim light.

Who acts: eyes, mirror like layer, cat · What happens: shine, bounce, help, see · To what, where: headlights, light, cat, dim light

This is a sentence of the lesson «Light and shadows» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, mirror like layer, cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cat	det
2	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 eyes	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 cat	case
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shine	nsubj
5	shine	shine	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 headlights	case
7	headlights	headlight	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 shine	obl
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	20 bounces	mark
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 layer	det
10	mirror	mirror	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 layer	compound
11	-	-	PUNCT	_	10 mirror	punct
12	like	like	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 layer	amod
13	layer	layer	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 bounces	nsubj
14	at	at	ADP	_	16 back	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 back	det
16	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 layer	nmod
17	of	of	ADP	_	19 eye	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 eye	det
19	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 back	nmod
20	bounces	bounce	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 shine	advcl
21	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 bounces	obj
22	back	back	ADV	_	23 out	advmod
23	out	out	ADV	_	20 bounces	advmod
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	25 helping	punct
25	helping	help	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	20 bounces	advcl
26	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	27 cat	det
27	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 helping	obj
28	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 helping	xcomp
29	in	in	ADP	_	31 light	case
30	dim	dim	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 light	amod
31	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 see	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 shine	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	shine	present	a cat's eyes		headlights		vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in headlight=Location
2	bounce	present	a mirror like layer at the back of the eye	light		out property	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Agent
3	help	gerund	a mirror like layer at the back of the eye not said here	the cat			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent cat=Beneficiary clause=Theme
4	see	infinitive	the cat not said here		dim light		vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:020-light-and-shadows.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/20-light-and-shadows/13/