Lenses and eyes, sentence 9
Glasses bend light a little so that it focuses properly in eyes that are slightly too long or too short; short-sighted people see near things well, long-sighted people see far things well.
Who acts: Glasses, light, eyes, sighted people · What happens: bend, focus, be, sight, see · To what, where: light, eyes, near things, things
This is a sentence of the lesson «Lenses and eyes» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Glasses, light, eyes, sighted people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Glasses | glass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 bend | nsubj |
| 2 | bend | bend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 bend | obj |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 little | det |
| 5 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 bend | obl:unmarked |
| 6 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 9 focuses | mark |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 so | fixed |
| 8 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 focuses | nsubj |
| 9 | focuses | focus | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 bend | advcl |
| 10 | properly | properly | ADV | _ | 9 focuses | advmod |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 eyes | case |
| 12 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 focuses | obl |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 long | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 long | cop |
| 15 | slightly | slightly | ADV | _ | 17 long | advmod |
| 16 | too | too | ADV | _ | 17 long | advmod |
| 17 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 eyes | acl:relcl |
| 18 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 20 short | cc |
| 19 | too | too | ADV | _ | 20 short | advmod |
| 20 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 long | conj |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 see | punct |
| 22 | short | short | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 sighted | compound |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 short | punct |
| 24 | sighted | sight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 people | amod |
| 25 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 see | nsubj |
| 26 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 bend | parataxis |
| 27 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 things | amod |
| 28 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 see | obj |
| 29 | well | well | ADV | _ | 26 see | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 sighted | punct |
| 31 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 sighted | compound |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 31 long | punct |
| 33 | sighted | sight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 34 people | amod |
| 34 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 see | nsubj |
| 35 | see | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 bend | conj |
| 36 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 37 things | advmod |
| 37 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 see | obj |
| 38 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 35 see | advmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 bend | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bend | present | Glasses | light | a little obl:unmarked | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent light=Material | |||
| 2 | focus | present | light | eyes | properly property | vn focus-87.1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent | |||
| 3 | is | present | eyes | long, slightly property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | be | eyes not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 5 | sight | participle | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 6 | see | present | sighted people | near things | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus | |||
| 7 | sight | participle | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 8 | see | present | sighted people | things | well property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thing=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:022-lenses-and-eyes.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/22-lenses-and-eyes/9/