Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks, sentence 14
Lightning forms when ice and water bumping in a storm cloud build up huge charges that jump to the ground as a giant spark.
Who acts: ice, huge charges · What happens: form, bump, build up, jump · To what, where: storm cloud, huge charges
This is a sentence of the lesson «Static electricity: balloons, hair and sparks» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ice, huge charges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 forms | compound |
| 2 | forms | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 12 build | mark |
| 4 | ice | ice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 build | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 water | cc |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 ice | conj |
| 7 | bumping | bump | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 ice | acl |
| 8 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 cloud | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 cloud | det |
| 10 | storm | storm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 cloud | compound |
| 11 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bumping | obl |
| 12 | build | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 forms | advcl |
| 13 | up | up | ADP | _ | 12 build | compound:prt |
| 14 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 charges | amod |
| 15 | charges | charge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 build | obj |
| 16 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 jump | nsubj |
| 17 | jump | jump | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 charges | acl:relcl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 ground | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 ground | det |
| 20 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 jump | obl |
| 21 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 spark | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 spark | det |
| 23 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 spark | amod |
| 24 | spark | spark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 jump | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 build | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | form | present | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | bump | gerund | ice and water not said here | a storm cloud | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | build up | present | ice and water | huge charges | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer charge=Patient | ||||
| 4 | jump | present | huge charges | to the ground result; as a giant spark | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to ground=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:026-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks.lesson:14.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/26-static-electricity-balloons-hair-and-sparks/14/