Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely, sentence 9

Scientists found that a dandelion seed's parachute makes a little ring of swirling air above it that holds it up longer.

Who acts: Scientists, parachute, little ring · What happens: find, make, swirl, hold up · To what, where: little ring, seed · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Parachutes, skydivers and falling safely» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scientists, parachute, little ring), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 found	nsubj
2	found	find	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 makes	mark
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 seed	det
5	dandelion	dandelion	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 seed	compound
6	seed	seed	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 parachute	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 seed	case
8	parachute	parachute	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 makes	nsubj
9	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 found	ccomp
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 ring	det
11	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 ring	amod
12	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 makes	obj
13	of	of	SCONJ	_	14 swirling	mark
14	swirling	swirl	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 ring	acl
15	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 ring	nmod
16	above	above	ADP	_	17 it	case
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 swirling	obl
18	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	19 holds	nsubj
19	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 ring	acl:relcl
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 holds	obj
21	up	up	ADP	_	19 holds	compound:prt
22	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	19 holds	advmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 found	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	find	past	Scientists				vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	make	present	a dandelion seed's parachute	a little ring air			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product
3	swirl	gerund	a little ring air not said here		seed		vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme above it=Location
4	hold up	present	a little ring air	seed		long property	vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot it=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:003-parachutes-and-falling-safely.lesson:9.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/3-parachutes-and-falling-safely/9/