Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 11
A lift is pulled up by cables over a wheel, with a counterweight going down as it goes up; lifts have several cables and safety brakes, so falling is almost impossible.
Who acts: cables, counterweight, lifts, falling · What happens: pull up, go down, go up, have, fall, be · To what, where: lift, wheel, several cables
This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cables, counterweight, lifts, falling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 lift | det |
| 2 | lift | lift | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pulled | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 pulled | aux:pass |
| 4 | pulled | pull | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | up | up | ADP | _ | 4 pulled | compound:prt |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 cables | case |
| 7 | cables | cable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 pulled | obl:agent |
| 8 | over | over | ADP | _ | 10 wheel | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 wheel | det |
| 10 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 pulled | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 going | punct |
| 12 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 15 going | mark |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 counterweight | det |
| 14 | counterweight | counterweight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 going | nsubj |
| 15 | going | go | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 pulled | conj |
| 16 | down | down | ADV | _ | 15 going | advmod |
| 17 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 19 goes | mark |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 goes | nsubj |
| 19 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 going | advcl |
| 20 | up | up | ADP | _ | 19 goes | compound:prt |
| 21 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 23 have | punct |
| 22 | lifts | lift | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 have | nsubj |
| 23 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 pulled | parataxis |
| 24 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 cables | amod |
| 25 | cables | cable | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 have | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 brakes | cc |
| 27 | safety | safety | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 brakes | compound |
| 28 | brakes | brake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 cables | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 falling | punct |
| 30 | so | so | ADV | _ | 34 impossible | advmod |
| 31 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 34 impossible | csubj |
| 32 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 impossible | cop |
| 33 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 34 impossible | advmod |
| 34 | impossible | impossible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 pulled | parataxis |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 pulled | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pull up | present · passive | cables | a lift | a wheel | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | go down | gerund | a counterweight | down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 3 | go up | present | counterweight | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | have | present | lifts | several cables and safety brakes | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cable=Patient | ||||
| 5 | fall | gerund | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | is | present | falling | almost, impossible property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/11/