Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 13

A water wheel at an old mill is turned by flowing water, and its axle drives gears that turn heavy millstones to grind flour.

Who acts: flowing water, axle, gears · What happens: turn, flow, drive, grind · To what, where: water wheel, gears, heavy millstones, flour

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flowing water, axle, gears), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 wheel	det
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wheel	compound
3	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 turned	nsubj:pass
4	at	at	ADP	_	7 mill	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 mill	det
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 mill	amod
7	mill	mill	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 wheel	nmod
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 turned	aux:pass
9	turned	turn	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 water	case
11	flowing	flow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 water	amod
12	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 turned	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 drives	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 drives	cc
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 axle	nmod:poss
16	axle	axle	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 drives	nsubj
17	drives	drive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 turned	conj
18	gears	gear	NOUN	Number=Plur	17 drives	obj
19	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 turn	nsubj
20	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 gears	acl:relcl
21	heavy	heavy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 millstones	amod
22	millstones	millstone	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 turn	obj
23	to	to	PART	_	24 grind	mark
24	grind	grind	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 turn	advcl
25	flour	flour	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 grind	obj
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 turned	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: kept the draft

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	turn	present · passive	flowing water	a water wheel at a old mill	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme
2	flow	gerund			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	drive	present	wheel's axle	gears	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme gear=Trajectory
4	turn	present	gears	heavy millstones	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent millstone=Theme
5	grind	to-infinitive	gears not said here	flour	vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flour=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:13.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/13/