Pulleys, gears and big machines, sentence 8

The gears on a bike are toothed wheels joined by the chain: a small gear at the back makes the wheel turn faster, a big one makes pedalling easier.

Who acts: small gear, wheel, big one · What happens: be, join, make, turn, pedal · To what, where: toothed wheels, wheel

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pulleys, gears and big machines» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (small gear, wheel, big one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 gears	det
2	gears	gear	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 wheels	nsubj
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 bike	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 bike	det
5	bike	bike	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 gears	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 toothed	cop
7	toothed	toothed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 wheels	amod
8	wheels	wheel	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
9	joined	join	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 wheels	acl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 chain	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 chain	det
12	chain	chain	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 joined	obl:agent
13	:	:	PUNCT	_	20 makes	punct
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 gear	det
15	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 gear	amod
16	gear	gear	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 makes	nsubj
17	at	at	ADP	_	19 back	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 back	det
19	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 gear	nmod
20	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 wheels	parataxis
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 wheel	det
22	wheel	wheel	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 makes	obj
23	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 makes	xcomp
24	faster	fast	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	23 turn	xcomp
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	29 makes	punct
26	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	28 one	det
27	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 one	amod
28	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	29 makes	nsubj
29	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 makes	conj
30	pedalling	pedal	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	31 easier	nsubj
31	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	29 makes	xcomp
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 wheels	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present			toothed property	tree rules
2	join	participle		toothed wheels not said here		vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
3	make	present	a small gear at the back	the wheel		tree rules
4	turn	infinitive	the wheel not said here		fast property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
5	make	present	a big one		easy property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset
6	pedal	gerund				vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:035-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines.lesson:8.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/35-pulleys-gears-and-big-machines/8/