Speed: fast and slow, sentence 3
To speed up, slow down or turn, you need a push: the engine pushes the car faster, the brakes slow it, and the ground pushes sideways on your feet when you turn.
Who acts: you, engine, brakes, ground · What happens: speed up, slow down, turn, need, push, slow · To what, where: push, car
This is a sentence of the lesson «Speed: fast and slow» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, engine, brakes, ground), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | To | to | PART | _ | 2 speed | mark |
| 2 | speed | speed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 need | advcl |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 speed | compound:prt |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 slow | punct |
| 5 | slow | slow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 speed | conj |
| 6 | down | down | ADP | _ | 5 slow | compound:prt |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 turn | cc |
| 8 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 speed | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 need | punct |
| 10 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 11 need | nsubj |
| 11 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 push | det |
| 13 | push | push | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 need | obj |
| 14 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 17 pushes | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 engine | det |
| 16 | engine | engine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pushes | nsubj |
| 17 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 need | parataxis |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 car | det |
| 19 | car | car | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pushes | obj |
| 20 | faster | fast | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 17 pushes | advmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 slow | punct |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 brakes | det |
| 23 | brakes | brake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 slow | nsubj |
| 24 | slow | slow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 pushes | conj |
| 25 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 slow | obj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 pushes | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 pushes | cc |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 ground | det |
| 29 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 pushes | nsubj |
| 30 | pushes | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 17 pushes | conj |
| 31 | sideways | sideways | ADV | _ | 30 pushes | advmod |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 feet | case |
| 33 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 34 feet | nmod:poss |
| 34 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 pushes | obl |
| 35 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 37 turn | advmod |
| 36 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 37 turn | nsubj |
| 37 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 pushes | advcl |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 need | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed act=assert
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | speed up | to-infinitive | you not said here | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | slow down | infinitive | you not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | turn | infinitive | you not said here | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | need | present | you | a push | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot push=Theme | ||||
| 5 | push | present | the engine | the car | fast property | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme | |||
| 6 | slow | present | the brakes | car | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | ||||
| 7 | push | present | the ground | on your feet; sideways property | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on foot=Theme | ||||
| 8 | turn | present | you | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:036-speed-fast-and-slow.lesson:3.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R3-conj-first ×2, R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/36-speed-fast-and-slow/3/