Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop, sentence 12

The more mass something has, the harder it is to start, stop or turn, so a full trolley is harder to push and to stop than an empty one.

Who acts: something, mass, full trolley · What happens: have, be, stop, turn, push · To what, where: mass

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (something, mass, full trolley), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 something	det
2	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	3 mass	advmod
3	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj
4	something	something	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 start	advcl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 has	punct
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 harder	det
8	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 start	advcl
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 start	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 start	cop
11	to	to	PART	_	12 start	mark
12	start	start	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 stop	punct
14	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 start	conj
15	or	or	CCONJ	_	16 turn	cc
16	turn	turn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	12 start	conj
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 harder	punct
18	so	so	ADV	_	23 harder	advmod
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 trolley	det
20	full	full	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 trolley	amod
21	trolley	trolley	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 harder	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	23 harder	cop
23	harder	hard	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	12 start	parataxis
24	to	to	PART	_	25 push	mark
25	push	push	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	23 harder	xcomp
26	and	and	CCONJ	_	28 stop	cc
27	to	to	PART	_	28 stop	mark
28	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	25 push	conj
29	than	than	ADP	_	32 one	case
30	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	32 one	det
31	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 one	amod
32	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 harder	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	12 start	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	present	something	mass		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mass=Patient
2	is	present	mass		start property	tree rules
3	stop	infinitive	mass not said here			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
4	turn	infinitive	mass not said here			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
5	is	present	a full trolley		than a empty one; hard property	tree rules
6	push	to-infinitive	a full trolley not said here			vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent
7	stop	to-infinitive	a full trolley not said here			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson:12.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/12/