Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop, sentence 7

A rolling ball slows down because the grass and the air push against it; in empty space, with nothing in the way, it would roll on for ever.

Who acts: rolling ball, grass, ball · What happens: roll, slow down, push · To what, where: empty space

This is a sentence of the lesson «Pushes and pulls: what makes things move and stop» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rolling ball, grass, ball), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 ball	det
2	rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 ball	amod
3	ball	ball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 slows	nsubj
4	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	down	down	ADP	_	4 slows	compound:prt
6	because	because	SCONJ	ExtPos=ADP	12 push	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 grass	det
8	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 push	nsubj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 air	cc
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 air	det
11	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grass	conj
12	push	push	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 slows	advcl
13	against	against	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 push	obl
15	;	;	PUNCT	_	4 slows	punct
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 space	case
17	empty	empty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 space	amod
18	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	28 roll	obl
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 nothing	punct
20	with	with	ADP	_	21 nothing	case
21	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	18 space	conj
22	in	in	ADP	_	24 way	case
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 way	det
24	way	way	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 nothing	nmod
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 space	punct
26	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 roll	nsubj
27	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 roll	aux
28	roll	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 slows	parataxis
29	on	on	ADP	_	31 ever	case
30	for	for	ADP	_	29 on	fixed
31	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	28 roll	obl
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 slows	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	roll	gerund				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	slow down	present	a rolling ball			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
3	push	present	the grass and the air		against ball	vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent against it=Theme
4	roll	would	ball	empty space		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme in space=Source on ever=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:004-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop.lesson:7.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R1-cc-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/4-pushes-and-pulls-move-and-stop/7/