Seasons and tides, sentence 16
A year is the time the Earth takes to go round the Sun, about 365 and a quarter days, so every fourth year has an extra day, 29 February, to keep the seasons in place on the calendar.
Who acts: year, Earth, fourth year · What happens: be, take, go, have, keep · To what, where: time, 365, Sun, place
This is a sentence of the lesson «Seasons and tides» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (year, Earth, fourth year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 year | det |
| 2 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 time | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 time | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 time | det |
| 5 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Earth | det |
| 7 | Earth | Earth | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 takes | nsubj |
| 8 | takes | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 time | acl:relcl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 go | mark |
| 10 | go | go | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 takes | advcl |
| 11 | round | round | ADP | _ | 13 Sun | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 Sun | det |
| 13 | Sun | Sun | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 go | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 365 | punct |
| 15 | about | about | ADV | _ | 16 365 | advmod |
| 16 | 365 | 365 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 takes | obl |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 days | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 quarter | det |
| 19 | quarter | quarter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 365 | conj |
| 20 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 365 | conj |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 has | punct |
| 22 | so | so | ADV | _ | 26 has | advmod |
| 23 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 25 year | det |
| 24 | fourth | fourth | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 25 year | amod |
| 25 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 has | nsubj |
| 26 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 takes | conj |
| 27 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 day | det |
| 28 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 day | amod |
| 29 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 has | obj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 29 | punct |
| 31 | 29 | 29 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 day | appos |
| 32 | February | February | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 29 | nmod:unmarked |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 keep | punct |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 keep | mark |
| 35 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 takes | conj |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 seasons | det |
| 37 | seasons | season | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 keep | obj |
| 38 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 place | case |
| 39 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 keep | obl |
| 40 | on | on | ADP | _ | 42 calendar | case |
| 41 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 calendar | det |
| 42 | calendar | calendar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 place | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 time | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a year | the time | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | take | present | the Earth | 365 and a quarter and days | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent time=Theme | ||||
| 3 | go | to-infinitive | the Earth not said here | the Sun | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme round sun=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | have | present | every fourth year | day | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | keep | to-infinitive | the Earth not said here | place on the calendar | season | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in place=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:040-seasons-and-tides.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/40-seasons-and-tides/16/