Friction: the grip that stops and helps, sentence 11
The speed a bike loses when it brakes turns into heat in the pads and rim, which is why they are hot after a long ride downhill.
Who acts: bike, speed, brakes · What happens: lose, brake, turn, be · To what, where: speed, heat
This is a sentence of the lesson «Friction: the grip that stops and helps» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bike, speed, brakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 speed | det |
| 2 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 turns | nsubj |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 bike | det |
| 4 | bike | bike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 loses | nsubj |
| 5 | loses | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 speed | acl:relcl |
| 6 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 brakes | advmod |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 brakes | nsubj |
| 8 | brakes | brake | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 loses | advcl |
| 9 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 heat | case |
| 11 | heat | heat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 turns | obl |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 pads | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 pads | det |
| 14 | pads | pad | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 turns | obl |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 rim | cc |
| 16 | rim | rim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pads | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 why | punct |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 why | nsubj |
| 19 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 why | cop |
| 20 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 23 hot | advmod |
| 21 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 hot | nsubj |
| 22 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 hot | cop |
| 23 | hot | hot | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 turns | parataxis |
| 24 | after | after | ADP | _ | 27 ride | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 ride | det |
| 26 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 ride | amod |
| 27 | ride | ride | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 hot | obl |
| 28 | downhill | downhill | ADV | _ | 27 ride | advmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 turns | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present | a bike | the speed not said here | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent speed=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | brake | present | bike | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | turn | present | the speed | heat | in the pads and rim | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into heat=Source in pad=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | is | present | why property | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | is | present | brakes = brake | after a long ride | hot property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:006-friction-the-grip.lesson:11.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/6-friction-the-grip/11/