Riding a bike: why it stays up, sentence 0
A bike stays up not by holding still but by steering: whenever it starts to tip, you turn the front wheel a little into the lean and bring the wheels back under you.
Who acts: bike, you · What happens: stay up, not hold, steer, start, tip, turn · To what, where: front wheel, lean, wheels
This is a sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bike, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 bike | det |
| 2 | bike | bike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 stays | nsubj |
| 3 | stays | stay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 stays | compound:prt |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 holding | advmod |
| 6 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 7 holding | mark |
| 7 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 stays | advcl |
| 8 | still | still | ADV | _ | 7 holding | advmod |
| 9 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 11 steering | cc |
| 10 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 11 steering | mark |
| 11 | steering | steer | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 holding | conj |
| 12 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 15 starts | punct |
| 13 | whenever | whenever | ADV | PronType=Rel | 15 starts | advmod |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 starts | nsubj |
| 15 | starts | start | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 steering | conj |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 tip | mark |
| 17 | tip | tip | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 starts | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 steering | punct |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 turn | nsubj |
| 20 | turn | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 stays | parataxis |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 wheel | det |
| 22 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 wheel | amod |
| 23 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 turn | obj |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 little | det |
| 25 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 turn | obl:unmarked |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 28 lean | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 lean | det |
| 28 | lean | lean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 turn | obl |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 bring | cc |
| 30 | bring | bring | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 turn | conj |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 wheels | det |
| 32 | wheels | wheel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 bring | obj |
| 33 | back | back | ADV | _ | 30 bring | advmod |
| 34 | under | under | ADP | _ | 35 you | case |
| 35 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 30 bring | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 stays | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | stay up | present | a bike | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | not hold | gerund | a bike not said here | still | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | steer | gerund | a bike not said here | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | start | present | bike | whenever property | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | tip | to-infinitive | bike not said here | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | turn | present | you | the front wheel | the lean | a little obl:unmarked | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme into lean=Trajectory | ||
| 7 | bring back | infinitive | you not said here | the wheels | under you | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:009-riding-a-bike.lesson:0.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/9-riding-a-bike/0/