Riding a bike: why it stays up, sentence 15
A bike pump gets warm because squashing air quickly warms it, and a pumped tyre is hard because many air molecules (tiny bits of air) push on the rubber.
Who acts: bike pump, squashing, pumped tyre, many air molecules · What happens: get, squash, warm, pump, be, push · To what, where: air
This is a sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bike pump, squashing, pumped tyre, many air molecules), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 pump | det |
| 2 | bike | bike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 pump | compound |
| 3 | pump | pump | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 gets | nsubj |
| 4 | gets | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 gets | xcomp |
| 6 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 10 warms | mark |
| 7 | squashing | squash | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 10 warms | csubj |
| 8 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 squashing | obj |
| 9 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 10 warms | advmod |
| 10 | warms | warm | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 gets | advcl |
| 11 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 warms | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 hard | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 hard | cc |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 tyre | det |
| 15 | pumped | pump | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 tyre | amod |
| 16 | tyre | tyre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 hard | nsubj |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 hard | cop |
| 18 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 gets | conj |
| 19 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 29 push | mark |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 molecules | amod |
| 21 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 molecules | compound |
| 22 | molecules | molecule | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 push | nsubj |
| 23 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 25 bits | punct |
| 24 | tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 bits | amod |
| 25 | bits | bit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 molecules | appos |
| 26 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 air | case |
| 27 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 bits | nmod |
| 28 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 25 bits | punct |
| 29 | push | push | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 hard | advcl |
| 30 | on | on | ADP | _ | 32 rubber | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 rubber | det |
| 32 | rubber | rubber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 push | obl |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 gets | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | get | present | a bike pump | warm property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 2 | squash | gerund | air | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent air=Patient | |||||
| 3 | warm | present | squashing | air | quickly property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient | |||
| 4 | pump | participle | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | is | present | a pumped tyre | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | push | present | many air molecules | on the rubber | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent on rubber=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:009-riding-a-bike.lesson:15.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/9-riding-a-bike/15/