Riding a bike: why it stays up, sentence 2
Bikes are also built to help: the shape of the front fork (the two arms holding the front wheel) makes the front wheel turn into a lean by itself, so a riderless bike pushed along rolls a long way upright.
Who acts: two arms, shape, front wheel, riderless bike · What happens: build, help, hold, make, turn, push along · To what, where: Bikes, front wheel, lean, riderless bike, long way
This is a sentence of the lesson «Riding a bike: why it stays up» of the physics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two arms, shape, front wheel, riderless bike), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bikes | bike | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 built | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 built | aux:pass |
| 3 | also | also | ADV | _ | 4 built | advmod |
| 4 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 help | mark |
| 6 | help | help | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 built | advcl |
| 7 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 23 makes | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 shape | det |
| 9 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 makes | nsubj |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 fork | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 fork | det |
| 12 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 fork | amod |
| 13 | fork | fork | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shape | nmod |
| 14 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 arms | punct |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 arms | det |
| 16 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 arms | nummod |
| 17 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 fork | appos |
| 18 | holding | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 arms | acl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 wheel | det |
| 20 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 wheel | amod |
| 21 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 holding | obj |
| 22 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 arms | punct |
| 23 | makes | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 help | parataxis |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 wheel | det |
| 25 | front | front | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 wheel | amod |
| 26 | wheel | wheel | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 makes | obj |
| 27 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 makes | xcomp |
| 28 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 lean | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 lean | det |
| 30 | lean | lean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 turn | obl |
| 31 | by | by | ADP | _ | 32 itself | case |
| 32 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 27 turn | obl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 bike | punct |
| 34 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 rolls | advmod |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 37 bike | det |
| 36 | riderless | riderless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 bike | amod |
| 37 | bike | bike | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 rolls | nsubj |
| 38 | pushed | push | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 37 bike | acl |
| 39 | along | along | ADP | _ | 38 pushed | compound:prt |
| 40 | rolls | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 makes | conj |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 43 way | det |
| 42 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 43 way | amod |
| 43 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 rolls | obl:unmarked |
| 44 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 40 rolls | advmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 built | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | present · passive | Bikes | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 2 | help | to-infinitive | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | hold | gerund | the two arms not said here | the front wheel | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wheel=Theme | ||||
| 4 | make | present | the shape of the front fork | the front wheel | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | turn | infinitive | the front wheel not said here | a lean | by bike | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme into lean=Source by itself=Trajectory | |||
| 6 | push along | participle | a riderless bike not said here | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | roll | present | a riderless bike | a long way | upright property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:physics:009-riding-a-bike.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/physics/9-riding-a-bike/2/