The news: who makes it and how, sentence 16
People argue about anonymous sources: some say they help reveal truths people are scared to share, others say we cannot judge information if we do not know who said it.
Who acts: People, some, others, we · What happens: argue, say, help, reveal, be, share · To what, where: truths, information, source · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «The news: who makes it and how» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, some, others, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | People | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 argue | nsubj |
| 2 | argue | argue | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | about | about | ADP | _ | 5 sources | case |
| 4 | anonymous | anonymous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 sources | amod |
| 5 | sources | source | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 argue | obl |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 say | punct |
| 7 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 say | nsubj |
| 8 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 argue | parataxis |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 help | nsubj |
| 10 | help | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 say | ccomp |
| 11 | reveal | reveal | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 help | xcomp |
| 12 | truths | truth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 reveal | obj |
| 13 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 scared | nsubj |
| 14 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 scared | cop |
| 15 | scared | scared | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 truths | acl:relcl |
| 16 | to | to | PART | _ | 17 share | mark |
| 17 | share | share | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 15 scared | xcomp |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 say | punct |
| 19 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 say | nsubj |
| 20 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 say | parataxis |
| 21 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 judge | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 judge | aux |
| 23 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 judge | advmod |
| 24 | judge | judge | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 20 say | ccomp |
| 25 | information | information | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 judge | obj |
| 26 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 30 know | mark |
| 27 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 30 know | nsubj |
| 28 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 30 know | aux |
| 29 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 30 know | advmod |
| 30 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 24 judge | advcl |
| 31 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 said | nsubj |
| 32 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 know | ccomp |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 said | obj |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 argue | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | argue speech: disagree | present | People | about anonymous sources | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.theme S»: agent=Agent about source=Topic | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | some | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | help | present | people | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | reveal | infinitive | people not said here | truths | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent truth=Topic | ||||
| 5 | is | present | people | truths not said here | scared property | tree rules | |||
| 6 | share | to-infinitive | people not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | say speech: assert | present | others | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | not judge | can | we | information | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent information=Value | ||||
| 9 | not know a condition, not said to happen | present · do-support | we | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 10 | say speech: assert | past | source | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:010-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how.lesson:16.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/10-the-news-who-makes-it-and-how/16/