Prices, money and jobs: why everything costs more, sentence 2
It was reported that in 2022 and 2023 prices rose fast in many countries, partly because energy and food got dearer after the pandemic and after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine cut gas supplies to Europe.
Who acts: prices, energy, scale invasion, Russia · What happens: report, rise, get, cut, invade · To what, where: coin, 2022, gas supplies, Europe
This is a sentence of the lesson «Prices, money and jobs: why everything costs more» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (prices, energy, scale invasion, Russia), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 reported | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 reported | aux:pass |
| 3 | reported | report | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 rose | mark |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 2022 | case |
| 6 | 2022 | 2022 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 10 rose | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 2023 | cc |
| 8 | 2023 | 2023 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 2022 | conj |
| 9 | prices | price | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 rose | nsubj |
| 10 | rose | rise | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 reported | ccomp |
| 11 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 10 rose | advmod |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 countries | case |
| 13 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 countries | amod |
| 14 | countries | country | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 rose | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 got | punct |
| 16 | partly | partly | ADV | _ | 21 got | advmod |
| 17 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 21 got | mark |
| 18 | energy | energy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 got | nsubj |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 food | cc |
| 20 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 energy | conj |
| 21 | got | get | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 rose | advcl |
| 22 | dearer | dear | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 21 got | xcomp |
| 23 | after | after | ADP | _ | 25 pandemic | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 pandemic | det |
| 25 | pandemic | pandemic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 got | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 invasion | cc |
| 27 | after | after | ADP | _ | 33 invasion | case |
| 28 | Russia | Russia | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 invasion | nmod:poss |
| 29 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 28 Russia | case |
| 30 | full | full | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 scale | amod |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 30 full | punct |
| 32 | scale | scale | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 invasion | compound |
| 33 | invasion | invasion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 pandemic | conj |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 supplies | case |
| 35 | Ukraine | Ukraine | PROPN | Number=Sing | 33 invasion | nmod |
| 36 | cut | cut | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 invasion | acl |
| 37 | gas | gas | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 supplies | compound |
| 38 | supplies | supplies | NOUN | Number=Ptan | 36 cut | obj |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 Europe | case |
| 40 | Europe | Europe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 cut | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 reported | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | report | past · passive | coin | vn characterize-29.2-1-2 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: subject=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | rise | past | prices | 2022 | in many countries; fast property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in 2022=Location | |||
| 3 | get | past | energy and food | after the pandemic and Russia's scale invasion Ukraine | dear, partly property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||
| 4 | cut | past | Russia's scale invasion Ukraine not said here | gas supplies | Europe | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent supplies=Patient to europe=Result | |||
| 5 | invade | Russia | nom invasion «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:018-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/18-prices-money-and-jobs-why-everything-costs-more/2/