Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections, sentence 0

A bot is a computer program that posts by itself while pretending to be a person, and a troll farm is an office of people paid to post under fake names.

Who acts: bot, computer program, troll farm · What happens: be, post, pretend, pay · To what, where: computer program, person, office, people, fake names

This is a sentence of the lesson «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bot, computer program, troll farm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bot	det
2	bot	bot	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 program	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 program	cop
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 program	det
5	computer	computer	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 program	compound
6	program	program	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 posts	nsubj
8	posts	post	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 program	acl:relcl
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 itself	case
10	itself	itself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	8 posts	obl
11	while	while	SCONJ	_	12 pretending	mark
12	pretending	pretend	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 posts	advcl
13	to	to	PART	_	16 person	mark
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 person	cop
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 person	det
16	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 pretending	xcomp
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 office	punct
18	and	and	CCONJ	_	24 office	cc
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 farm	det
20	troll	troll	NOUN	Number=Sing	21 farm	compound
21	farm	farm	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 office	nsubj
22	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 office	cop
23	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	24 office	det
24	office	office	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 program	conj
25	of	of	ADP	_	26 people	case
26	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 office	nmod
27	paid	pay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	26 people	acl
28	to	to	PART	_	29 post	mark
29	post	post	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	27 paid	xcomp
30	under	under	ADP	_	32 names	case
31	fake	fake	ADJ	Degree=Pos	32 names	amod
32	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	29 post	obl
33	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 program	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is a	present	a bot	a computer program and a office			tree rules
2	post	present	a computer program and a office			by bot	vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	pretend	gerund	a computer program and a office not said here				tree rules
4	is a	to-infinitive	a computer program and a office not said here	a person			tree rules
5	is a	present	a troll farm	a office		of people	tree rules
6	pay	participle		people not said here			tree rules
7	post	to-infinitive			fake names		vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/0/