Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections, sentence 2
A deepfake is a picture, video or voice made with AI to look like a real person doing or saying something they never did; extra fingers or a mouth that does not match the words can give it away, but the fakes keep getting better.
Who acts: deepfake, real person, video, mouth, extra fingers, fakes · What happens: be, make, look, do, say, not do · To what, where: picture, something, words, person · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Bots, troll farms and deepfakes in elections» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (deepfake, real person, video, mouth), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 deepfake | det |
| 2 | deepfake | deepfake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 picture | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 picture | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 picture | det |
| 5 | picture | picture | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 video | punct |
| 7 | video | video | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 picture | conj |
| 8 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 voice | cc |
| 9 | voice | voice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 video | conj |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 picture | acl |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 12 AI | case |
| 12 | AI | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 made | obl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 look | mark |
| 14 | look | look | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 made | advcl |
| 15 | like | like | ADP | _ | 18 person | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 person | det |
| 17 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 person | amod |
| 18 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 look | obl |
| 19 | doing | do | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 person | acl |
| 20 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 21 saying | cc |
| 21 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 doing | conj |
| 22 | something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 21 saying | obj |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 did | nsubj |
| 24 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 25 did | advmod |
| 25 | did | do | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 something | acl:relcl |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 28 fingers | punct |
| 27 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 fingers | amod |
| 28 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 give | nsubj |
| 29 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 31 mouth | cc |
| 30 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 31 mouth | det |
| 31 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fingers | conj |
| 32 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 match | nsubj |
| 33 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 match | aux |
| 34 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 35 match | advmod |
| 35 | match | match | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 mouth | acl:relcl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 words | det |
| 37 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 match | obj |
| 38 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 give | aux |
| 39 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 picture | parataxis |
| 40 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 give | obj |
| 41 | away | away | ADV | _ | 39 give | advmod |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 keep | punct |
| 43 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 keep | cc |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 fakes | det |
| 45 | fakes | fake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 keep | nsubj |
| 46 | keep | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 give | conj |
| 47 | getting | get | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 46 keep | xcomp |
| 48 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 47 getting | xcomp |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 picture | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- changed polarity=none
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a deepfake | a picture and video or voice | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | participle | a picture and video or voice not said here | with AI | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | look | to-infinitive | like a real person | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | do | gerund | a real person not said here | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | gerund | a real person not said here | something | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent something=Topic | ||||
| 6 | not do | past | video | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | not match | present · do-support | a mouth | the words | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | ||||
| 8 | give away | can | extra fingers or a mouth | person | away property | vn contribute-13.2 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent it=Theme | |||
| 9 | keep | present | the fakes | tree rules | |||||
| 10 | get | gerund | the fakes not said here | good property | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:032-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes.lesson:2.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/32-bots-troll-farms-and-deepfakes/2/