How to check: who, how, who else, sentence 1

It is like a playground rumour that "school's closed tomorrow": you ask who said it ("a boy in Year 6"), how he knows ("his cousin heard"), and whether any teacher or the school website says the same; usually the rumour falls apart by the second question.

Who acts: It, you, boy, cousin, teacher, rumour · What happens: be, ask, say, know, heard, fall apart · To what, where: school, same · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «How to check: who, how, who else» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (It, you, boy, cousin), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 rumour	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rumour	cop
3	like	like	ADP	_	6 rumour	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 rumour	det
5	playground	playground	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rumour	compound
6	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 closed	mark
8	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 closed	punct
9	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 closed	nsubj:pass
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 closed	aux:pass
11	closed	closed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 rumour	acl
12	tomorrow	tomorrow	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 closed	obl:unmarked
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	11 closed	punct
14	:	:	PUNCT	_	16 ask	punct
15	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	16 ask	nsubj
16	ask	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rumour	parataxis
17	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	18 said	nsubj
18	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	16 ask	ccomp
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 said	obj
20	(	(	PUNCT	_	23 boy	punct
21	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 boy	punct
22	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	23 boy	det
23	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 said	ccomp
24	in	in	ADP	_	25 Year	case
25	Year	Year	PROPN	Number=Sing	23 boy	nmod
26	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	25 Year	nummod
27	"	"	PUNCT	_	23 boy	punct
28	)	)	PUNCT	_	23 boy	punct
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	32 knows	punct
30	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	32 knows	advmod
31	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	32 knows	nsubj
32	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 ask	conj
33	(	(	PUNCT	_	37 heard	punct
34	"	"	PUNCT	_	37 heard	punct
35	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	36 cousin	nmod:poss
36	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 heard	nsubj
37	heard	heard	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	32 knows	parataxis
38	"	"	PUNCT	_	37 heard	punct
39	)	)	PUNCT	_	37 heard	punct
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 says	punct
41	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 says	cc
42	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	49 says	mark
43	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	44 teacher	det
44	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 says	nsubj
45	or	or	CCONJ	_	48 website	cc
46	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	48 website	det
47	school	school	NOUN	Number=Sing	48 website	compound
48	website	website	NOUN	Number=Sing	44 teacher	conj
49	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 ask	conj
50	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	51 same	det
51	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	49 says	obj
52	;	;	PUNCT	_	56 falls	punct
53	usually	usually	ADV	_	56 falls	advmod
54	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	55 rumour	det
55	rumour	rumour	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 falls	nsubj
56	falls	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	49 says	conj
57	apart	apart	ADV	_	56 falls	advmod
58	by	by	ADP	_	61 question	case
59	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	61 question	det
60	second	second	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	61 question	amod
61	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 falls	obl
62	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 rumour	punct

Pragmatics

form: statement
act: assert
voice: narrator
polarity: none
teacher: changed voice=narrator

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It		like a playground rumour	tree rules
2	ask speech: ask	present	you			vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	say speech: assert	past		school		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent it=Topic
4	know	present	boy			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus
5	heard in a quote	past	boy's cousin			tree rules
6	say speech: assert	present	any teacher or the school website	the same		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent same=Topic
7	fall apart	present	the rumour		by the second question; apart, usually property	vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:035-how-to-check-who-how-who-else.lesson:1.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×4. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/35-how-to-check-who-how-who-else/1/