Congress and Parliament: how a law is made, sentence 0

A law starts as a bill, a plan for a law, and it must pass a series of tests before everyone has to obey it: it is read out, argued over, checked line by line by a small group called a committee, changed, and voted on.

Who acts: law, everyone, small group · What happens: start, pass, have, obey, read out, argue over · To what, where: series, law, line, committee · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of the lesson «Congress and Parliament: how a law is made» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (law, everyone, small group), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 law	det
2	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 starts	nsubj
3	starts	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 bill	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 bill	det
6	bill	bill	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 starts	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 plan	punct
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 plan	det
9	plan	plan	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 bill	appos
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 law	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 law	det
12	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 plan	nmod
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	17 pass	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 pass	cc
15	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 pass	nsubj
16	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	17 pass	aux
17	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 starts	conj
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 series	det
19	series	series	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 pass	obj
20	of	of	ADP	_	21 tests	case
21	tests	test	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 series	nmod
22	before	before	SCONJ	_	24 has	mark
23	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	24 has	nsubj
24	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 pass	advcl
25	to	to	PART	_	26 obey	mark
26	obey	obey	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	24 has	xcomp
27	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 obey	obj
28	:	:	PUNCT	_	31 read	punct
29	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	31 read	nsubj
30	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 read	aux:pass
31	read	read	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 pass	conj
32	out	out	ADP	_	31 read	compound:prt
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	34 argued	punct
34	argued	argue	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 read	conj
35	over	over	ADP	_	34 argued	compound:prt
36	,	,	PUNCT	_	38 line	punct
37	checked	check	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 read	conj
38	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 checked	obl
39	by	by	ADP	_	40 line	case
40	line	line	NOUN	Number=Sing	38 line	nmod
41	by	by	ADP	_	44 group	case
42	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	44 group	det
43	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	44 group	amod
44	group	group	NOUN	Number=Sing	37 checked	obl:agent
45	called	call	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	44 group	acl
46	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	47 committee	det
47	committee	committee	NOUN	Number=Sing	45 called	obj
48	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 changed	punct
49	changed	change	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	31 read	conj
50	,	,	PUNCT	_	52 voted	punct
51	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 voted	cc
52	voted	vote	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	49 changed	conj
53	on	on	ADP	_	52 voted	compound:prt
54	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 starts	punct

Pragmatics

No stored speech act for this sentence.

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	start	present	a law		as a bill	vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
2	pass	must	law	a series of tests		vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme series=Trajectory
3	have	present	everyone			tree rules
4	obey	to-infinitive	everyone not said here	series		vn abide_by-93.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
5	read out	present · passive		law		vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic
6	argue over speech: disagree	participle				vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
7	check	participle		line by line		vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
8	call	participle	a small group not said here	a committee		vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent committee=Recipient
9	change	participle				vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
10	vote on	participle				vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:006-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made.lesson:0.

The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the release 0.4.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/6-congress-and-parliament-how-a-law-is-made/0/