Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools, sentence 9
Small roads are often looked after by the council and big roads by the region or national government; fixing them costs a lot, so councils choose which potholes to fill first.
Who acts: council, fixing, councils · What happens: look after, fix, cost, choose, fill · To what, where: Small roads, roads, lot, potholes
This is a sentence of the lesson «Taxes and local councils: bins, roads and schools» of the politics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (council, fixing, councils), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 roads | amod |
| 2 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 looked | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 looked | aux:pass |
| 4 | often | often | ADV | _ | 5 looked | advmod |
| 5 | looked | look | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | after | after | ADP | _ | 5 looked | compound:prt |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 council | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 council | det |
| 9 | council | council | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 looked | obl:agent |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 roads | cc |
| 11 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 roads | amod |
| 12 | roads | road | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 council | conj |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 region | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 region | det |
| 15 | region | region | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 roads | nmod |
| 16 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 18 government | cc |
| 17 | national | national | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 government | amod |
| 18 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 region | conj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 costs | punct |
| 20 | fixing | fix | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 costs | csubj |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 fixing | obj |
| 22 | costs | cost | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 looked | parataxis |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 lot | det |
| 24 | lot | lot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 costs | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 choose | punct |
| 26 | so | so | ADV | _ | 28 choose | advmod |
| 27 | councils | council | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 choose | nsubj |
| 28 | choose | choose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 costs | conj |
| 29 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 30 potholes | det |
| 30 | potholes | pothole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 choose | obj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 fill | mark |
| 32 | fill | fill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 30 potholes | acl |
| 33 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 32 fill | advmod |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look after | present · passive | the council and big roads by the region or national government | Small roads | often property | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | fix | gerund | roads = road | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Patient | |||||
| 3 | cost | present | fixing | a lot | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme lot=Value | ||||
| 4 | choose | present | councils | which potholes | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pothole=Theme | ||||
| 5 | fill | to-infinitive | councils not said here | which potholes not said here | first property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:politics:008-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools.lesson:9.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/politics/8-taxes-and-local-councils-bins-roads-and-schools/9/