Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief, sentence 1
The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving, it can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there; many Buddhists meditate to calm the mind and do not believe in a creator God.
Who acts: Buddha, life, suffering, Eightfold Path, many Buddhists · What happens: teach, have, come, end, lead, meditate · To what, where: Four Noble Truths, suffering, craving, mind, creator
This is a sentence of the lesson «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Buddha, life, suffering, Eightfold Path), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Buddha | det |
| 2 | Buddha | Buddha | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 taught | nsubj |
| 3 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Truths | det |
| 5 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 Truths | nummod |
| 6 | Noble | Noble | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Truths | compound |
| 7 | Truths | truth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 taught | obj |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 10 has | punct |
| 9 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 has | nsubj |
| 10 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | conj |
| 11 | suffering | suffering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 has | obj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 comes | punct |
| 13 | suffering | suffering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 comes | nsubj |
| 14 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 has | conj |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 craving | case |
| 16 | craving | craving | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 comes | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 end | punct |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 end | nsubj |
| 19 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 end | aux |
| 20 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 14 comes | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 leads | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 leads | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 Path | det |
| 24 | Eightfold | eightfold | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 Path | compound |
| 25 | Path | path | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 leads | nsubj |
| 26 | leads | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 end | conj |
| 27 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 26 leads | advmod |
| 28 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 Buddhists | punct |
| 29 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 Buddhists | amod |
| 30 | Buddhists | buddhist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 meditate | nsubj |
| 31 | meditate | meditate | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 taught | parataxis |
| 32 | to | to | PART | _ | 33 calm | mark |
| 33 | calm | calm | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 meditate | advcl |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 mind | det |
| 35 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 calm | obj |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 believe | cc |
| 37 | do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 believe | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 believe | advmod |
| 39 | believe | believe | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 meditate | conj |
| 40 | in | in | ADP | _ | 42 creator | case |
| 41 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 42 creator | det |
| 42 | creator | creator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 believe | obl |
| 43 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 creator | appos |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 taught | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | teach speech: other | past | the Buddha | the Four Noble Truths | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent truth=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | have | present | life | suffering | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suffering=Patient | ||||
| 3 | come | present | suffering | craving | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from craving=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | end | can | Buddha | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | lead | present | the Eightfold Path | there | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ||||
| 6 | meditate | present | many Buddhists | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 7 | calm | to-infinitive | many Buddhists not said here | the mind | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus mind=Experiencer | ||||
| 8 | not believe | present · do-support | many Buddhists not said here | a creator | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson:1.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/1/