Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief, sentence 8
The Four Noble Truths say: life has suffering, suffering comes from craving (always wanting more), suffering can end, and the Eightfold Path leads there.
Who acts: Four Noble Truths, life, suffering, craving, Eightfold Path · What happens: say, have, come, want, end, lead · To what, where: suffering, craving, more · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Buddhism, humanism and respect for every belief» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Four Noble Truths, life, suffering, craving), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Truths | det |
| 2 | Four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 4 Truths | nummod |
| 3 | Noble | Noble | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Truths | compound |
| 4 | Truths | truth | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 say | nsubj |
| 5 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 has | punct |
| 7 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 has | nsubj |
| 8 | has | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 say | ccomp |
| 9 | suffering | suffer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 has | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 suffering | punct |
| 11 | suffering | suffer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 comes | nsubj |
| 12 | comes | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 has | conj |
| 13 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 craving | case |
| 14 | craving | craving | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 comes | obl |
| 15 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 17 wanting | punct |
| 16 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 17 wanting | advmod |
| 17 | wanting | want | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 craving | acl |
| 18 | more | more | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 17 wanting | obj |
| 19 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 17 wanting | punct |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 end | punct |
| 21 | suffering | suffer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 end | nsubj |
| 22 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 end | aux |
| 23 | end | end | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 comes | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 leads | punct |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 leads | cc |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Path | det |
| 27 | Eightfold | eightfold | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 Path | compound |
| 28 | Path | path | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 leads | nsubj |
| 29 | leads | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 say | ccomp |
| 30 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 leads | advmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 say | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the Four Noble Truths | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | have | present | life | suffering | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suffer=Patient | ||||
| 3 | come | present | suffering | craving | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from craving=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | want | gerund | craving not said here | more | always property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot more=Theme | |||
| 5 | end | can | suffering | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | |||||
| 6 | lead | present | the Eightfold Path | there | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:033-buddhism-humanism-and-respect.lesson:8.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×5, R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/33-buddhism-humanism-and-respect/8/