How to argue: reasons and evidence, sentence 5
For a child today this helps at home, in the playground and at Sunday school: when you explain why, people can understand you, and Peter wrote that Christians should be ready to give a reason for their hope, with gentleness and respect.
Who acts: this, you, people, Peter, Christians, reasons · What happens: help, explain, understand, write, be, give · To what, where: home, you, reason
This is a sentence of the lesson «How to argue: reasons and evidence» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, you, people, Peter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | For | for | ADP | _ | 3 child | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 child | det |
| 3 | child | child | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 helps | obl |
| 4 | today | today | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 child | nmod:unmarked |
| 5 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 helps | nsubj |
| 6 | helps | help | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 home | case |
| 8 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 helps | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 playground | punct |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 playground | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 playground | det |
| 12 | playground | playground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 helps | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 school | cc |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 school | case |
| 15 | Sunday | Sunday | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 school | compound |
| 16 | school | school | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 playground | conj |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 20 explain | punct |
| 18 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 explain | advmod |
| 19 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 20 explain | nsubj |
| 20 | explain | explain | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 understand | advcl |
| 21 | why | why | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 explain | advmod |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 understand | punct |
| 23 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 understand | nsubj |
| 24 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 25 understand | aux |
| 25 | understand | understand | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 helps | parataxis |
| 26 | you | you | PRON | Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs | 25 understand | obj |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 wrote | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 wrote | cc |
| 29 | Peter | Peter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 wrote | nsubj |
| 30 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 helps | conj |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 35 ready | mark |
| 32 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 35 ready | nsubj |
| 33 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 35 ready | aux |
| 34 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 35 ready | cop |
| 35 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 wrote | ccomp |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 give | mark |
| 37 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 ready | xcomp |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 reason | det |
| 39 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 give | obj |
| 40 | for | for | ADP | _ | 42 hope | case |
| 41 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 hope | nmod:poss |
| 42 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 reason | nmod |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 gentleness | punct |
| 44 | with | with | ADP | _ | 45 gentleness | case |
| 45 | gentleness | gentleness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 give | obl |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 respect | cc |
| 47 | respect | respect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 gentleness | conj |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 helps | punct |
Pragmatics
- form
- statement
- act
- assert
- voice
- narrator
- polarity
- none
- teacher
- kept the draft
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | help | present | this | home | for a child today; in the playground and Sunday school | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | explain speech: assert | present | you | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | understand | can | people | you | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer you=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | write | past | Peter | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | should | Christians | ready property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | give | to-infinitive | Christians not said here | a reason | for reasons's hope; with gentleness and respect | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reason=Theme for hope=Asset | |||
| 7 | hope | reasons = reason | nom hope «feeling intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:039-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence.lesson:5.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/39-how-to-argue-reasons-and-evidence/5/