Dilemmas about truth and friendship, sentence 4
Christians believe truth and love belong together: the Bible speaks of "speaking the truth in love" (Ephesians 4:15), so honesty should be gentle and kindness should be honest.
Who acts: Christians, truth, Bible, honesty, kindness · What happens: believe, belong, speak, be · To what, where: Ephesians, truth, love · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of the lesson «Dilemmas about truth and friendship» of the religion ethics course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Christians, truth, Bible, honesty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Christians | Christian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 2 believe | nsubj |
| 2 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 belong | nsubj |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 love | cc |
| 5 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 truth | conj |
| 6 | belong | belong | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 believe | ccomp |
| 7 | together | together | ADV | _ | 6 belong | advmod |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 11 speaks | punct |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Bible | det |
| 10 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 speaks | nsubj |
| 11 | speaks | speak | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 believe | parataxis |
| 12 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 14 speaking | mark |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 speaking | punct |
| 14 | speaking | speak | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 speaks | advcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 truth | det |
| 16 | truth | truth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 speaking | obj |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 18 love | case |
| 18 | love | love | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 speaking | obl |
| 19 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 speaking | punct |
| 20 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 21 Ephesians | punct |
| 21 | Ephesians | Ephesians | PROPN | Number=Plur | 11 speaks | obl |
| 22 | 4:15 | 4:15 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 Ephesians | flat |
| 23 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 21 Ephesians | punct |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 gentle | punct |
| 25 | so | so | ADV | _ | 29 gentle | advmod |
| 26 | honesty | honesty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 gentle | nsubj |
| 27 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 29 gentle | aux |
| 28 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 29 gentle | cop |
| 29 | gentle | gentle | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 speaks | parataxis |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 honest | cc |
| 31 | kindness | kindness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 honest | nsubj |
| 32 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 honest | aux |
| 33 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 34 honest | cop |
| 34 | honest | honest | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 gentle | conj |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 believe | punct |
Pragmatics
No stored speech act for this sentence.
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | believe | present | Christians | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | belong | present | truth and love | together property | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | speak speech: other | present | the Bible | Ephesians | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | speak speech: other in a quote | gerund | the Bible not said here | the truth | love | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is | should | honesty | gentle property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | is | should | kindness | honest property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, mova-school-agreed-en.conllu) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence school:religion-ethics:041-dilemmas-about-truth-and-friendship.lesson:4.
The tree: Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. The frames are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (prag) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.
See the release 0.4.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/religion-ethics/41-dilemmas-about-truth-and-friendship/4/